Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Naturalizada y adventicia en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 1500 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Guayana y Serranía de La Macarena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.

Morphology General Habit

Hierba

Conservation

No Evaluada

Distribution

Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Guiana Shield. Elevation range: 0–1500 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vichada.

Habit

Herb.

Ecology

Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, artificial - terrestrial.

George R. Proctor (2012). Flora of the Cayman Isands (Second Edition). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Vernacular

PARA GRASS

Morphology General Habit

Widely creeping stoloniferous perennial; culms decumbent at base, rooting at the lower nodes, 2–6 m long, sometimes clambering on bushes or trees; leaf-blades 15–25 cm long, 10–15 mm wide, glabrous with scabrous margins; sheaths pubescent; nodes densely villous; ligule ca. 1 mm long, membranous or represented by a line of hairs. Inflorescence an open panicle; spikelets 3 mm long, glabrous.

Distribution

Grand Cayman. Widespread in tropical America, also in Africa.

Ecology

Especially in shallow ponds and moist places

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips & S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974

Morphology General Habit

Sprawling prennial; culms 25–125 cm. high, prostrate and rooting at the nodes below; leaf-blades 6–30 cm. long, 3–15 mm. wide.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence of 5–20 racemes on an axis 7–20 cm. long; racemes 2–10 cm. long, bearing paired spikelets (but these sometimes on short secondary branchlets in the lower part of the raceme or borne singly in the upper part) in several untidy rows on a narrow (0.5–1 mm.) winged rhachis with scabrid margins; pedicels usually with a few long hairs.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets elliptic, 2.5–3.5 mm. long, glabrous, acute; lower glume 1/4–1/3 as long as the spikelet; upper glume not separated from the lower by an internode; upper lemma rugulose, obtuse, ± an obscure mucro.

Habitat

In and by water, probably an escape from cultivation in East Africa; 1000 m.

Distribution

T3 throughout the tropics

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/164272/67773905

Conservation

LC - least concern

Gramineae, W. D. Clayton. Flora of West Tropical Africa 3:2. 1972

Morphology General Habit

Perennial, often rooting at the lower nodes, 0·6–1·8 m. high

Ecology

Wet places.

Morphology General Habit

Perennial. Culms rambling; 25-125 cm long; rooting from lower nodes. Ligule a fringe of hairs. Leaf-blades 6-30 cm long; 3-15 mm wide.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 5-20; borne along a central axis; unilateral; 2-10 cm long; simple, or secondarily branched. Central inflorescence axis 7-20 cm long. Rhachis broadly winged; 0.5-1 mm wide; scabrous on margins; glabrous on margins. Spikelet packing irregular. Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile and pedicelled; 2 in the cluster. Pedicels bearing a few hairs.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic; dorsally compressed; compressed slightly; acute; 2.5-3.5 mm long; falling entire. Rhachilla internodes brief up to lowest fertile floret.

Fertile

Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic; dorsally compressed; compressed slightly; acute; 2.5-3.5 mm long; falling entire. Rhachilla internodes brief up to lowest fertile floret.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume

Glumes dissimilar; reaching apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate; 0.25-0.33 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 3-5 -veined. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume oblong; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 5-7 -veined. Upper glume apex acute.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets

Basal sterile florets male; with palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret similar to upper glume; oblong; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; 5 -veined; acute. Fertile lemma elliptic; 2-3 mm long; indurate; without keel. Lemma surface rugulose. Lemma margins involute. Lemma apex obtuse; muticous, or mucronate. Palea involute; indurate; without keels. Palea surface rugose.

Distribution

Africa: north, Macaronesia, west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, and western Indian ocean. Asia-temperate: western Asia, Arabia, China, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Papuasia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. Pacific: southwestern, south-central, northwestern, and north-central. North America: south-central USA and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, Caribbean, northern South America, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.

Reference

Paniceae. FTEA.

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit

Sprawling perennial up to 125 cm high, prostrate and rooting from the lower nodes; leaves broadly linear

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence of 5–20 racemes on an axis 7–20 cm long; racemes 2–10 cm long, bearing paired spikelets in several untidy rows on a narrowly (0.5–1 mm) winged rhachis (sometimes the spikelets on short secondary branchlets below or borne singly above)

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets

Spikelets elliptic, 2.5–3.5 mm long, glabrous, acute; lower glume 1/4–1/3 the length of the spikelet; upper glume adjacent to the lower; upper lemma rugulose, obtuse, with an obscure mucro.

Distribution

S2 throughout the tropics, obviously introduced in Somalia.

Ecology

Low altitude.

Note

Reported for Somalia by Chiovenda, Fl. Somala 2: 443 (1932), but the only collection cited, Guidotti s.n., has not been seen.

Use

It is a valuable forage grass.