Hydrocharitaceae
Halophila

Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f.

First published in Fl. Tasman. 2: 45 (1858)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Red Sea to Madagascar and Pacific. It is a rhizomatous hydrogeophyte and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Borneo, Cape Provinces, Caroline Is., China Southeast, Comoros, Egypt, Eritrea, Fiji, Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iran, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesser Sunda Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Maluku, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Norfolk Is., Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Queensland, Rodrigues, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Society Is., Solomon Is., Somalia, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan-South Sudan, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Vietnam, Western Australia, Yemen

Introduced into:

Florida, Leeward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Andrews, F.W. (1956). The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 1-579. T.Buncle & co., LTD., Arbroath, Scotland.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (1984). Flore des Mascareignes 191-201 IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Boulos, L. (1995). Flora of Egypt Checklist: i-xii, 1-287. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Chaudhary, S.A. (2001). Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3: 1-368. Ministry of Agriculture & Water, Riyadh.
  • Christopherson, E. (1935). Flowering Plants of Samoa. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 128: 1-221.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1995). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 9: 1-482. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Den Hartog, C. (1970). The sea-grasses of the world. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde, Tweede Sectie 59(1): 1-275.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1997). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 6: 1-586. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1987). A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 20: 19-129.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Ghafoor, A. (1985). Flora of Pakistan 169: 1-13. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Flore Analytique et Synoptique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie: 1-369. Office de la recherche scientifique coloniale.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Hộ, P.-H. (1993). Câycỏ Việtnam. An Illustrated flora of Vietnam 3(1): 1-603d. Pham-hoang Ho, Montréal.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Kua, J., Kanamoto, Z., Iizumi, H. & Mukai, H. (2006). Seagrasses of the genus Halophila Thouars (Hydrochartiaceae) from Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 57: 129-154.
  • Kuo, J. & de Hertog, C. (2001). Seagrass taxonomy and identification key. Global Seagrass Research Methods: 31-78. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
  • National Parks Board Singapore (2006). Vascular Plant Life Checklist Pulau Ubin www.nparks.gov.sg/nparks_cms/cms/cmsmgr/data/6/PlantChkList.xls.
  • Ohwi, J. (1984). Flora of Japan (in English): 1-1067. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Rechinger. K.H. (1971). Flora Iranica 78-86 Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Short, F.T., Moore, G.E. & Peyron, K.A. (2010). Halophila ovalis in the tropical Atlantic ocean. Aquatic Botany 93: 141-146.
  • Simpson, D. (1989). Hydrocharitaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-29.
  • Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 1: 1-495. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (1978). Flora of Thailand 1: 1-694. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1995). Flora of Somalia 4: 1-298. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Timberlake, J.R. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2009). Flora Zambesiaca 12(2): 1-208. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1955-1958). Flora Malesiana 5: 1-595. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the Southern Ryukyu Islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Insitition Press, Washington.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Yip, K.L. & Lai, C.C. (2006). Halophila minor (Hydrocharitaceae), a new record with taxonomic notes of the Halophila from the Hong Kong Special Administative Region, China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 44: 457-463.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Halophila minor.]

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Cohen in S. Afr. J. Sci. 36: 246 (1939).
  • Gürke in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 94 (1895).
  • Hartog, Sea-Grasses of World: 240, fig.62 (1970).
  • Hook. f., Fl. Tasman. 2: 45 (1858).
  • Kuo & Hartog in Short & Coles, Global Seagrass Res. Meth.: 50 (2001).
  • Obermeyer in F.S.A. : 101, fig.30 (1966).
  • Simpson in F.T.E.A., Hydrocharitaceae: 25, fig.10 (1989).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Andrews, F.W. (1956). The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 1-579. T.Buncle & co., LTD., Arbroath, Scotland.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (1984). Flore des Mascareignes 191-201 IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Boulos, L. (1995). Flora of Egypt Checklist: i-xii, 1-287. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1995). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 9: 1-482. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Den Hartog, C. (1970). The sea-grasses of the world. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde, Tweede Sectie 59(1): 1-275.
  • Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1997). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 6: 1-586. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1987). A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 20: 19-129.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Ghafoor, A. (1985). Flora of Pakistan 169: 1-13. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Flore Analytique et Synoptique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie: 1-369. Office de la recherche scientifique coloniale.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Hộ, P.-H. (1993). Câycỏ Việtnam. An Illustrated flora of Vietnam 3(1): 1-603d. Pham-hoang Ho, Montréal.
  • Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Rechinger. K.H. (1971). Flora Iranica 78-86 Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Short, F.T., Moore, G.E. & Peyron, K.A. (2010). Halophila ovalis in the tropical Atlantic ocean. Aquatic Botany 93: 141-146.
  • Simpson, D. (1989). Hydrocharitaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-29.
  • Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 1: 1-495. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1995). Flora of Somalia 4: 1-298. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1955-1958). Flora Malesiana 5: 1-595. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the Southern Ryukyu Islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Insitition Press, Washington.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Yip, K.L. & Lai, C.C. (2006). Halophila minor (Hydrocharitaceae), a new record with taxonomic notes of the Halophila from the Hong Kong Special Administative Region, China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 44: 457-463.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by G. Sartoni [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Smith, A.C. [9619] Fiji K002908105 No
Kostermans, A.J. [25121] Sri Lanka K002908000 No
Waring, J. [106] Yemen K002907962 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Yemen K002907960 No
Fosberg, F.R. [37871] Japan K002907980 No
Dupout, P.R. [219] Seychelles K002908165 No
SOSC [742] Philippines K002908047 No
Burkill, H.M. [HMB3923] Singapore K002908021 No
Williams, A. [138] Australia K002908073 No
Dassanayake, M.D. [432] Sri Lanka K002908004 No
Pike [s.n.] Mauritius K002908154 Yes
Moseley, Mr. [s.n.] Philippines K002908040 Yes
Mosely, Mr. [s.n.] Philippines K002908039 Yes
Loher, A. [1595] Philippines K001691390 Yes
Bosser, J. [21994] Mauritius K002908161 No
Rajeshwari, M.; Lakshmanan, K. [2B] India K002907991 No
Mortensen, Th. [s.n.] Mauritius K002908153 No
Wright, C. [327] Japan K002907981 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Tanzania K002908133 No
Boivin [s.n.] Madagascar K002908144 No
Hnatiuk, R. [731122] Seychelles K002908145 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [29825] Mozambique K002908139 No
Jacobs, S.W.L. [6715] Australia K002908076 No
SOSC [742] Philippines K002908044 No
Balfour, I.B. [s.n.] Mauritius K002908160 No
Mortensen, Th. [s.n.] Mauritius K002908149 No
Johnston, H.H. [s.n.] Mauritius K002908156 No
Harvey, W.H. [s.n.] Sri Lanka K002908006 No
Fosberg, F.R. [55022] Australia K002908070 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002908009 Yes
Ward, C.J. [8725] South Africa K002908175 No
Lorence, D. [DL769] Mauritius K002908148 No
Melville, R.; Calaby, J.H. [4189B] Australia K002908072 No
Wallace, E.C. [128] Burma K002908008 No
Hnatiuk, R. [730777] Seychelles K002908146 Yes
Lind; [Fallogun] [s.n.] K002908079 No
Moss, M.H. [20792] K002908143 No
Bailey, A. [91] K002908099 No
Green, P.S. [1918] K002908080 No
Burkill, H.M. [HMB3897] Singapore K002908022 Yes
Sledge, W.A. [1556] Samoa K002908113 No
Womersley, J. [NGF 46412] Papua New Guinea K002908053 No
Mortensen, Th. [s.n.] Mauritius K002908151 No
[H. Herill] [s.n.] Sri Lanka K002908003 No
Moseley [s.n.] Australia K002908065 No
Ash, J. (Mrs.) [711] Eritrea K002908123 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [14035] Thailand K002908036 Yes
Fosberg, F.R. [47052] K002908119 No
Cox, P.A. [190] Samoa K002908116 No
Matthew, K.M.; Britto, S.J.; Rani, N. [28324] India K002907992 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002908108 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [28673] Mozambique K002908142 No
Specht, R.L. [260] Australia K002908069 No
Henderson, M.R. [29095] Singapore K002908020 Yes
Moseley [s.n.] Fiji K002908103 No
Stevens, P.; Coode, M. [LAE 54538] Papua New Guinea K002908052 Yes
Rodd, A. [1799] K002908082 Yes
Moseley [s.n.] K002908075 No
Coode, M.J.E.; Badre, F. [4295] Mauritius K002908150 No
[H. O. Powell] [s.n.] Samoa K002908107 Yes
Stoddart, D.R. [4704] Australia K002908071 No
Hooker; Harvey [s.n.] Australia K002908066 No
Merrill, E.D. [7155] Philippines K002908043 Yes
Melville, R. [4189B] Australia K:SPC-07702.000 No
Hnatiuk, R. [731122] Seychelles K002908147 No
Wallace, E.C. [128] Burma K002908007 No
Dawson, E.Y. [11193] Vietnam K002908029 Yes
Mauritius K:SPC-66321.000 No
SOSC [742] Philippines K002908048 No
Wilford, C. [453] Japan K002907977 No
Bristol, M.L. [1971] Samoa K002908114 No
[illegible] [s.n.] Yemen K002907964 No
[V. Brorari] [3666] Malaysia K002908032 Yes
[illegible] [282] Hong Kong K002907976 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia K002908063 No
Greenwood, W. [831] Fiji K002908102 No
Mortensen, Th. [s.n.] Mauritius K002908152 No
de Wilde, W.J.J.O. [7290] Eritrea K002908122 No
A.C.S.; J.W.P.; P.B.T.; D.K. [16903] Fiji K002908117 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Sri Lanka K002908005 No
Ward, C.J. [9186] South Africa K002908174 No
Ward, C.J. [4785] South Africa K002908176 Yes
Coode, M.J.E. [4334] Mauritius K002908162 No
Gamble, J.S. [12220] India K002907997 No
Harvey, W.H. [s.n.] Sri Lanka K002908002 No
s.coll. [1055] Australia K002908064 No
[C. H. W.] [s.n.] Mauritius K002908157 No
Eames, A.J. [s.n.] Samoa K002908112 Yes
Edwards, S.; Tewolde-Berhan, G.E.; Hedberg, O.; Hedberg, I. [3850] Ethiopia K002908121 No
Ehrenberg, C.G. [189] K002908127 Yes
Powell, J.; [P. Archorn] [s.n.] K002908110 No
Coode, M.J.E.; Lorence, D. [4885] Mauritius K002908158 Yes
Balansa, B. [272] Vietnam K002908030 No
Iyengar, M.O.P. [s.n.] India K002907990 No
Watmough, R. [299] Mozambique K002908138 No
Womersley, J.S. [NGF 46459] Papua New Guinea K002908051 No
Ito, T. [1455] Japan K002907978 No
Fosberg, F.R. [50564] Palau K002908118 No
Cruttwell, N.E.G. [293] Papua New Guinea K002908050 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [21736] India K002907998 No
Good, R. [400] Bahrain K002907963 No
{Kostermans} [s.n.] Indonesia K002908037 No
Jayasuriya, M.; Meijer, W. [228] Sri Lanka K002907999 No
Tomlinson, P.B. [16485] Fiji K002908104 No
Fosberg, F.R. [37383] Japan K002907979 Yes
Wright, P. [s.n.] Seychelles K002908163 No
Schweinfurth, G. [693] K002908128 Yes
Harland [282] Vietnam K002908033 No
Coode, M.J.E.; Lorance, D. [4885] Mauritius K002908159 Yes
Hildebrandt, J.M. [3216] Madagascar K002908155 No
Buxton, P.A.; Hopkins, G.H.E. Samoa K:SPC-23501.000 No
SOSC [742] Philippines K002908045 No
A.C.S.; J.W.P.; P.B.T.; D.K. [16896] Fiji K002908106 No
Rodway, F.A. [2397] Australia K002908067 No
Coveny, R. [4919] Australia K002908077 No
Mckee, H.S. [8229] New Caledonia K002908100 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K002907982 No
Ash [711] Ethiopia K:SPC-36400.000 No
Rodway, F.A. [1376] Australia K002908068 No
Hooper, D. [39591] India K002907996 No
SOSC [742] Philippines K002908042 No
s.coll. [10404] United States K002908120 No
Mozambique K:SPC-11098.000 No
Napper, D. [1267] Tanzania K002908132 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [150] K002908126 Yes
Balansa, B. [270] Vietnam K002908031 No
Jeffrey, C.; Zelia [496] Seychelles K002908164 No
Mauritius K:SPC-66439.000 No
Schweinfurth, G. [199] K002908125 Yes
Mogg, A.O.D. [31445] Mozambique K002908141 No
Christenhusz, M.J.M.,, Chase, M.W., Fay,M.F [6449] Australia K000696291 No
Eames, A.J. [129] Samoa K002908111 No
s.coll. [742] Philippines K002908046 No
Dickson [566] Kuwait K002907961 No
Jacobs, S.; Pickard, J. [2984] Australia K002908074 Yes
Moseley [s.n.] K002908115 No
Schweinfurth, G. [7] K002908124 No
Mogg, A.O.D. [27174] Mozambique K002908140 No
[E. Home] [s.n.] K002908109 No
Gillespie, J.B. [317] Kenya K002908131 No
Bailey, A. [91] K002908098 No
Meijer, W. [2007] Sri Lanka K002908001 No
Coode, M. [4667] Mauritius K:SPC-09108.025 No
Game, J.C. [69/225] K002908081 No

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images