Acanthaceae
Acanthus

Acanthus ilicifolius L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 639 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Asia to SW. Pacific. It is a subshrub or shrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, China Southeast, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Vanuatu, Vietnam

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • GBIF ( 2021-continuously updated). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Heine, H. (1976). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7: 1-212. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • GBIF ( 2021-continuously updated). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Compendium de la Flore Phanérogamique des Nouvelles Hébrides. Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Geologique de Marseille, VI, 5-6: 1-56.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Heine, H. (1976). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7: 1-212. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Dec 22, 2015 Johns, R.J. [11058] Papua New Guinea K000938956 Yes
Dec 22, 2015 Johns, R.J. [12880] Papua New Guinea K000938960 Yes
Dec 1, 2007 Willis, F.S. [57] Indonesia K000260975 Yes
Dec 1, 2007 Willis, F.S. [57] Indonesia K000449703 Yes
Dec 1, 2007 Pius Piskaut [UPNG 20229] Papua New Guinea K000224660 Yes
Dec 1, 2007 Sands, M.J.S. [7202] Indonesia K000260981 Yes
Dec 10, 2004 Gaerlan, F.; Chavez, R. [26498] Philippines K000222991 Yes
May 15, 1995 s.coll. [2018] Sri Lanka K000885391 Unknown Type Material Yes
May 15, 1995 s.coll. [2018] Sri Lanka K000885390 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kairo, A. [141] Papua New Guinea K004697293 Yes
Floyd, A. [6542] Papua New Guinea K004697298 Yes
Womersley, J.S.; Simmonds, N.W. [5051] Papua New Guinea K004697297 Yes
Streimann, H.; Lelean, Y. [LAE51943] Papua New Guinea K004697301 Yes
Barrabé, L. [1229] New Caledonia K001589767 Yes
Forster [s.n.] New Caledonia K000885387 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kuria, T.; Johns, R.J.; Simaga, J.; Gidion, G. [LAE88811] Papua New Guinea K004697300 Yes
Moi, W. [130] Papua New Guinea K004697308 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2511] K001116309 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hopkins, H.C.F. [645] Papua New Guinea K004697284 Yes
Sands, M.J.S.; Pattison, G.A.; Wood, J.J. [SANDS3040] Papua New Guinea K004697304 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2511] India K001116304 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [NGF2935] Papua New Guinea K004697296 Yes
Rau, K. [239] Papua New Guinea K004697305 Yes
Brass, L.J. [28512] Papua New Guinea K004697303 Yes
Darbyshire, P.J. [623] Papua New Guinea K004697291 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2511] K001116308 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [NGF2931] Papua New Guinea K004697295 Yes
Streimann, H.; Kairo, A. [NHF39066] Papua New Guinea K004697294 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [1669] Indonesia K004697302 Yes
Foreman, D.; Katik, P. [LAE59296] Papua New Guinea K004697289 Yes
Croft, J.R. [LAE65532] Papua New Guinea K004697299 Yes
van Royen, P. [NGF16322] Papua New Guinea K004697286 Yes
Kerenga, K.; et al. [LAE77457] Papua New Guinea K004697290 Yes
Hartley, T.G. [TGH10291] Papua New Guinea K004697287 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2511] K001116306 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 2511] Malaysia K001116307 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2511] K001116303 Unknown Type Material Yes
Daniel, T.F.; Forster, P.; Liddle, D. [6541] Papua New Guinea K004697285 Yes
Thwaites, G.H.K [s.n.] Sri Lanka K000885389 Type Yes
Larivita, G.; Katik, P. [LAE70509] Papua New Guinea K004697307 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [7202] Indonesia K000260980 Yes
Forster [s.n.] New Caledonia K000885388 Unknown Type Material Yes
Streimann, H.; Kairo, A. [NGF39066] Papua New Guinea K004697288 Yes
Darbyshire, P.J. [623] Papua New Guinea K004697292 Yes
Larivita, G.; Katik, P. [LAE70537] Papua New Guinea K004697306 Yes
Sands, M.J.S.; Pattison, G.A.; Wood, J.J. [SAND3040] Papua New Guinea K004697283 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2511] K001116305 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images