Lamiaceae
Ocimum

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 597 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Asia to W. Pacific. It is a perennial or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as a poison and a medicine, has social uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marshall Is., Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Himalaya

Introduced into:

Bahamas, Cayman Is., Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Gabon, Kenya, Line Is., Malawi, Malaya, Marquesas, Niue, Samoa, Society Is., Southwest Caribbean, Tokelau-Manihiki, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is., Zambia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. (2019). Flora Malesiana 23: 1-444. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Khanam, M. & Hassan, M.A. (2008). Lamiaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 58: 1-161. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Manikandan, R., Chandrasekar, K. & Srivastava, S.K. (2012). Life form analysis of the family Lamiaceae in Jammu & Kashmir, India. Phytotaxonomy 12: 7-19.
  • National Parks Board Singapore (2006). Vascular Plant Life Checklist Pulau Ubin www.nparks.gov.sg/nparks_cms/cms/cmsmgr/data/6/PlantChkList.xls.
  • Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R., Harvey, Y., Iwarsson, M., Willis, F., Phillipson, P., Balkwill, K., Lukhoba, C., Otiend, D & Harley (2009). Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-430.
  • Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R.M., Harvey, Y.B., Iwarsson, M., Otieno, D., Balkwill, K., Phillipson, P.B., Harley, R.M. & Willis, F. (2013). Flora Zambesiaca 8(8): 1-346. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2022). Flore du Gabon 58: 1-150. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
  • Suddee, S., Paton, A.J. & Parnell, J.A.N. (2005). Taxonomic Revision of the tribe Ocimeae Dumort (Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia III. Ociminae. Kew Bulletin 60: 3-75.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Species Profiles

  • Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses, 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press.
  • National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (CSIR) (2003). The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. First Supplement Series (Raw Materials), Vol. 4: J-Q. CSIR, New Delhi.
  • Promjit Saralamp, Wongsatit Chuakul, Rungravi Temsiririrkkul & Clayton, T. (1996). Medicinal Plants in Thailand Vol. 1. Dept. of Pharmaceutical Botany, Mahidol University, Bangkok.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2020). file:///C:/Users/rg02kg/Downloads/7790-19423-1-PB.pdf. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Khanam, M. & Hassan, M.A. (2008). Lamiaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 58: 1-161. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Lorence, D.H. & Wagner, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
  • Manikandan, R., Chandrasekar, K. & Srivastava, S.K. (2012). Life form analysis of the family Lamiaceae in Jammu & Kashmir, India. Phytotaxonomy 12: 7-19.
  • Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R., Harvey, Y., Iwarsson, M., Willis, F., Phillipson, P., Balkwill, K., Lukhoba, C., Otiend, D & Harley (2009). Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-430.
  • Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R.M., Harvey, Y.B., Iwarsson, M., Otieno, D., Balkwill, K., Phillipson, P.B., Harley, R.M. & Willis, F. (2013). Flora Zambesiaca 8(8): 1-346. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2022). Flore du Gabon 58: 1-150. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Thaman, R.R. & Tye, A. (2015). Flora of Kiritimari (Christmass) atoll, Northern Line islands, Republic of Kiribati. Atoll Research Bulletin 608: 1-73.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.)19: 113 (1989)
  • K.B. 47: 432 (1992)
  • K.B. 47: 432 (1992).
  • Sp. Pl.: 597 (1753)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mar 1, 2023 Chinnappa, C. C. [s.n.] India K001535070 Yes
Nov 27, 2015 Rafidah, A.R., et al. [FRI64361] Malaysia K001622155 Yes
Nov 27, 2015 Rafidah, A.R., et al. [FRI64361] Malaysia K000734908 Yes
Jan 1, 2011 David, B. [CL655] Cambodia K000735325 No
Jan 1, 2011 Zainal Arifin, A.A. [596] K000735044 No
Jan 1, 2011 Cheng, S.K. [CL1346] Cambodia K000735327 No
Jan 1, 2011 David, B. [CL814] Cambodia K000735328 No
Jan 1, 2001 Marcan, A. [33] Thailand K000935439 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Poilane, E. [14538] Cambodia K000935446 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Lindhard, E. [80] Thailand K000935436 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Thorel [139] Vietnam K000935445 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Poilane, E. [3177] Vietnam K000935448 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Schomburgk, R. [120] Thailand K000935437 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Hoed, G. den; Kostermans, A. [646] Thailand K000935442 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Kerr, A.F.G. [2783] Thailand K000935441 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Thorel [129] Vietnam K000935443 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Poilane, E. [17385] Cambodia K000935447 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Kerr, A.F.G. [3754] Thailand K000935440 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Poilane, E. [3177] Vietnam K000935449 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Poilane, E [1882] Vietnam K000935444 Yes
Jan 1, 2001 Balansa, B. [994] Vietnam K000935450 Yes
May 1, 2000 Matamin Rumutom [337] Malaysia K000897273 No
Jan 1, 1999 Powell, D.A. [XI1351] Australia K000897253 No
Jan 1, 1999 Powell, D.A. [XI1351] Australia K000897252 No
Jan 1, 1999 Bloembergen, S. [3224] Indonesia K000897264 No
Jul 1, 1997 Tadong, D. [277] Malaysia K000897277 No
Jul 1, 1997 Tadong, D. [137] Malaysia K000897279 No
Jul 1, 1997 Tadong, L. [80] Malaysia K000897278 No
Jul 1, 1997 Tadong, D. [570] Malaysia K000897276 No
Jul 1, 1997 Andau, D. [19] Malaysia K000897275 No
Jan 1, 1994 Luke, W.R.Q.; Luke, P.A. [3840] Kenya K000434797 No
Aug 24, 1989 Mamit, J.D. [34564] Malaysia K000897270 No
Nov 18, 1988 Harini [075] Indonesia K000897291 No
Yii, P.C.; Runi [60625] Malaysia K000897269 No
Koorders, S.H. [27453] Indonesia K000897293 No
Ambri; Arifin; Arbainsyah [1240] Indonesia K000897266 No
Eyma, P.J. [1748] Indonesia K000897259 No
Wallich, N. [s.n.] K000911680 Type Yes
Gaerlan, F.; Sagcal; Alvarez, R. [3080] Philippines K000897228 No
Teruya, Z. [1763] Indonesia K000897263 No
RBGKewTissueBank [19953473] K001069743 No
Fraser, M. [254] Malaysia K000897284 No
Cuming, H. [1779] Philippines K000897238 No
Daernedi, D. [690] Indonesia K000897250 No
Carr, C.E. [11605] Papua New Guinea K000897213 No
Haviland, G.D.; Hose, C. [3051] Malaysia K000897281 No
Aet; Lundquist, E. [525] Indonesia K000897215 No
Branderhorst, B. [50] Indonesia K000897214 No
Reynoso, E.; Romero; Fuentes [1463] Philippines K000897229 No
Loher, A. [4221] Philippines K000897237 No
Venugopal, N. [24021] India K001535069 Yes
Suddee, S. [852] Thailand K000935438 Yes
Kadir [A929] Malaysia K000897286 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K000897290 No
Moseley, H.N. [s.n.] Philippines K000897236 No
Lütjeharms, W.J. [4922] Indonesia K000897289 No
Achmad [305] Indonesia K000897294 No
Yii, P.C. [62838] Malaysia K000897267 No
Usteri, P.A. [2820] Philippines K000897233 No
Moseley, H.N. [s.n.] Indonesia K000897256 No
Wallace, A.R. [s.n.] Indonesia K000897257 No
Keith, H.G. [1611] Malaysia K000897283 No
Teruya, E. [1658] Indonesia K000897287 No
Yii, P.C. [63290] Malaysia K000897268 No
Loher, A. [4220] Philippines K000897234 No
Meyer, A.B. [s.n.] Indonesia K000897254 No
Goklin, T. [2552] Malaysia K000897282 No
Wight [s.n.] India K000911681 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hellwig, F. [94] Papua New Guinea K000897212 No
Meyer, A.B. [s.n.] Indonesia K000897258 No
Keith, H.G. [7394] Malaysia K000897285 No
Wiakabu, J.; A.M.C. [LAE73562] Papua New Guinea K000897211 No
Taylor, P.M. [507] Indonesia K000897251 No
Cuming, H. [2433] Indonesia K000897216 No
Conklin, H.C. [37857] Philippines K000897230 No
Burbidge, F.W. [s.n.] Philippines K000897241 No
Buwalda, P. [4051] Indonesia K000897262 No
Savinierre, E., de la [340] Indonesia K000897255 No
Vidal, S. [3480] Philippines K000897227 No
Merrill, E.D. [400] Philippines K000897232 No
Pleyte, D.R. [150] Indonesia K000897260 No
Koorders, S.H. [26206] Indonesia K000897292 No
Bourobou Bourobou, H.P. [667] Gabon K000479668 No
s.coll. [3474] Philippines K000897235 No
Creagh, C.M.G. [s.n.] Malaysia K000897280 No
Loher, A. [4222] Philippines K000897240 No
Horsfield, T. [s.n.] Indonesia K000897288 No
Ambri; Arifin; Arbainsyah [1241] Indonesia K000897265 No
Fraser, M. [223] Malaysia K000897272 No
Gregory, V.B. [57] Philippines K000897231 No
Jones, B.L. [472] Malaysia K000897274 No
Buwalda, P. [4976] Indonesia K000897261 No
Enoh, M. [382] Indonesia K000897271 No
Jan 1, 1964 Thomson, G. [68] Singapore Ocimum sanctum K000897338 No
Carrick, J. [1504] Malaysia Ocimum sanctum K000897340 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116916 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116913 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116917 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116920 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116911 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116918 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116910 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116915 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 2716] Burma Ocimum sanctum K001116909 Unknown Type Material Yes
Yapp, R.H. [298] Malaysia Ocimum sanctum K000897339 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116914 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116912 Unknown Type Material Yes
India Ocimum sanctum K:SPC-33715.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2716] Ocimum sanctum K001116919 Unknown Type Material Yes
Teo, L.E.; P. [562] Malaysia Ocimum sanctum K000897341 No

Sources

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    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Bulletin

    • Kew Bulletin
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

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    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0