Family:
Fabaceae Lindl.
Genus:
Lablab Adans.

Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

This species is accepted, and its native range is Cape Verde, Tropical & S. Africa, Madagascar, India. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

[UPB]

The Useful Plants of Boyacá project

Distribution
Cultivated in Colombia.
Morphology General Habit
Herb.
Ecology
Alt. 100 - 2130 m.

[FZ]

Leguminosae, B. Mackinder, R. Pasquet, R. Polhill and B. Verdcourt. Flora Zambesiaca 3:5. 2001

Morphology General Habit
Climbing or sometimes (outside the Flora Zambesiaca area or in cultivated plants) erect perennial (rarely annual) herb 1–6 m long.
Morphology Stem
Stems pubescent or glabrous.
Morphology Leaves Leaflets
Leaflets 2.5–15 × 1.5–14 cm, ovate-triangular, acuminate, cuneate to truncate at the base, glabrous or pubescent; petiole 1–18 cm long; rhachis 0.7–4.5 cm long; petiolules 2–6 mm long; stipules 4–6 mm long, ovate, ribbed.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences axillary; rhachis 0.4–2 cm long; peduncle 2–40 cm long; pedicels 2–3.5 mm long; bracts 4 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous; bracteoles 4–6(8) × 1–4.5 mm, elliptic or round, ribbed, subpersistent.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx glabrous or pubescent; tube 3–4 mm long; lower lobes 2–4 mm long, triangular or linear-oblong, the upper pair joined to form an entire or emarginate lip.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Standard entirely crimson or purple, or cream tinged mauve outside and purple inside, or all entirely white, 1.2–1.5 × 1.2–1.5 cm, oblate or round, glabrous; wings white or purple; keel pale, tinged mauve at the apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Pods 3.5–14 × 1.2–4 cm, linear-oblong to oblong-falcate, often verrucose along the upper or both margins, pubescent or glabrescent but with very small dot-like tubercular hairs which are evident when the longer indumentum is sparse, 2–5-seeded.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds white or red to black, 5–17 × 4–6(9.5) × 3–5.5 mm, oblong, compressed; aril 6–14 × 1.5–2 mm.

[FTEA]

Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971

Morphology General Habit
Climbing or (outside the Flora area) sometimes erect perennial (rarely annual) herb 1–5 m. long.
Morphology Stem
Stems pubescent or glabrous.
Morphology Leaves
Leaflets ovate-triangular, 2·5–15 cm. long, 1·5–14 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate to truncate at the base, glabrous or pubescent; petiole 1–18 cm. long; rhachis 0·7–4·5 cm. long; petiolules 2–6 mm. long; stipules ovate, 4–6 mm. long, ribbed.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences axillary; rhachis 4–20 mm. long; peduncle 2–40 cm. long; pedicels 2–3·5 mm. long; bracts deciduous, ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; bracteoles subpersistent, elliptic or round, 4–6(–8) mm. long, 1–4·5 mm. wide, ribbed.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx glabrous or pubescent; tube 3–4 mm. long; lower lobes triangular or linear-oblong, 2–4 mm. long, the upper pair joined to form an entire or emarginate lip.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Standard entirely crimson or purple, or cream tinged mauve outside and purple inside, or all entirely white, oblate or round, 1·2–1·5 cm. long, 1·2–1·5 cm. wide, glabrous; wings purple; keel pale, tinged mauve at the apex.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Pods linear-oblong to oblong-falcate, 3·5–14 cm. long, 1·2–4 cm. wide, often verrucose along the upper or both margins, pubescent or glabrescent but with very small dot-like tubercular hairs which are evident when the longer indumentum is sparse, 2–5-seeded.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds white or red to black, oblong, compressed, longest dimension 0·5–1·7 cm., shorter dimension 4–6(–9·5) mm., 3–5·5 mm. thick; aril 0·6–1·4 cm. long, 1·5–2 mm. wide.

[UNAL]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
arroz con coco, arveja real, bugueño, fríjol arveja real, fríjol bugueño, fríjol guisante, fríjol peruano, fríjol risueño, fríjol sobaco, fríjol soya, frisol tropical, guisante, mulato, risueño, sobaco, soya, zaragoza blanca

[ILDIS]

International Legume Database and Information Service

Conservation
Not Threatened
Ecology
Africa: Somalia-Masai anthropic landscapes, Lake Victoria regional mosaic; anthropic landscapes., Lake Victoria regional mosaic; bushland and thicket, Somalia-Masai grasslands, Somalia-Masai bushland and thicket, Sudanian anthropic landscapes, Sudanian gr
Morphology General Habit
Annual/Perennial, Climbing/Not climbing, Herb/Shrub
Vernacular
Antaque, Banner Bean, Black Bean, Bonavist, Bonavist Bean, Carmelita, Frijol Caballero, Haricot, Haricot Rouge, Ho-dhambala, Hyacinth Bean, Kiri-dambala, Kos-ata-dambala, Lablab, Lablab Bean, Minni, Motchai, Natoba, Pois Antaque, Pois de Senteur, Pois Ger

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 100 - 2130 m.; Andes, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba, trepadora

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 100–2130 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Atlántico, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Quindío.
Habit
Herb, Climbing.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, shrubland, artificial - terrestrial.

[UPB]
Use Food
Food (Granados-Tochoy et al. 2007).
Use Gene Sources
Crop wild relatives which may possess beneficial traits of value in breeding programmes (State of the World's Plants 2016).

[ILDIS]
Use
Chemical products, Environmental, Food and Drink, Forage, Medicine, Miscellaneous, Toxins

[UPFC]
Use Animal Food
Used as animal food.
Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Ascension, Assam, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cambodia, Canary Is., Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Colombia, Cook Is., Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Ecuador, Fiji, Galápagos, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Haiti, Hawaii, Iraq, Jamaica, Jawa, Korea, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Mexico Southwest, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, New York, Nicobar Is., Niger, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Caucasus, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Queensland, Réunion, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Tonga, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Yemen

English
Hyacinth Bean
Spanish
Fríjol permanente, fríjol permanente blanco, fríjol permanente cáscara verde, fríjol permanente cáscara morada, frijola, frijola negra, fríjol railón.

Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 8, 2018 Horsfield, T. [116], Jawa K000263978 Unknown type material Yes
Aug 8, 2018 Horsfield, T. [116], Jawa K000263979 Unknown type material Yes
May 1, 2005 Queiroz, L.P. [10731], Brazil K000931162 Yes
Jan 1, 2002 Brummitt, R.K. [18540], Malawi K000731503 Yes
Jul 1, 2001 Mackinder, B. [195], Cameroon K000108204 No
Jan 1, 1996 Tchouto (Mbatchou), P. [935], Cameroon K000086094 Yes
Oct 1, 1987 Lima, M.G.S. [s.n.], Bahia K000206965 Yes
Feb 27, 1986 Irwin, H.S. [19510], Brazil K000931161 Yes
Jan 1, 1986 Pasquet, R. [99], Cameroon K000731481 Yes
Jan 1, 1983 Hage, J.L. [1213], Bahia K000206966 Yes
Dec 12, 1980 van Beusekom, C.F. [3910], Thailand K000731479 Yes
Mar 1, 1979 Mori, S.A. [10134], Bahia K000206967 Yes
Jan 1, 1953 Maitland, T.D. [778], Cameroon K000087446 Yes
Jan 1, 1953 Maitland, T.D. [259], Cameroon K000087445 Yes
Ridley [34], Pernambuco K000206968 Yes
Mexia, Y.E.J. [4700], Brazil K000931156 Yes
Lima, H.C. de [2847], Brazil K000931159 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.], Cape Verde K001041048 Yes
Muthanna, Y. [3], India K000731475 Yes
William, Milliken [1360], Papua New Guinea K000731480 Yes
Hoehne, W. [s.n.], Brazil K000931158 Yes
Parker [s.n.], Guyana K000931163 Yes
Glaziou [11880], Brazil K000931160 Yes
Jean, Pawek [12780], Malawi K000731504 Yes
Friis, I. [1993], Ethiopia K000731487 Yes
s.coll. [150], France K000931164 Yes
Hooker, J.D. [3], Cape Verde K001041049 Yes
Gilbert, M. [3], Brazil K000931167 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.], Brazil K000931165 Yes
van der Maesen, L.J.G. [4818], India K000731477 Yes
van der Maesen, L.J.G. [4032], Sri Lanka K000731478 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1151], Botswana K000731514 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [19510], Brazil K000931157 Yes
Parker [s.n.], Guyana K000931168 Yes
Friis, I. [1912], Ethiopia K000731486 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.], France K000931166 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. s.n.], India Dolichos purpureus K001132808 Yes

First published in Hort. Brit.: 481 (1826)

Accepted by

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Berhaut, J. (1976). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 5: 1-658. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Du Puy, D.J., Labat, N.-N., Rabevohitra, R., Villiers, J.-F., Bosser, J. & Moat, J. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar: 1-737. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Florence, J., Waldren, S. & Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. (1995). The flora of the Pitcairn islands: a review Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 79-119.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2 Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hallé, N. (1980). Les Orchidees de Tubuai (archipel des Australes, Sud Polynesie), suivies d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des iles Australes Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 2(3): 69-130.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
  • Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a checck-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-list: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lorence, D.H. & Wagnwe, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
  • Mackinder, B., Pasquet, R., Polhill, R. & Verdcourt, B. (2001). Flora Zambesiaca 3(5): 1-261. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1 Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
  • Smith, A.C. (1985). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 3: 1-758. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • St. John, H. (1988). Census of the Flora of the Gambier islands, Polynesia Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34.
  • Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Verloove, F. (2013). New xenophytes from Gran Canaria (Canary islands, Spain), with emphasis on naturalised and (potentially) invasive species Collectanea Botanica 32: 59-82.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Yan, X.L. & Ma, J.S. (2011). Nomenclatural notes on alien invasive vascular plants in China Plant Diversity and Resources 33: 132-142.
  • Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de la Estrella, M., Cabezas, F.J., Aedo, C. & Velayos, M. (2010). The Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko and Río Muni) Folia Geobotanica 45: 1-57.
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Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Crop wild relative Inventory https://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/ in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/
  • Granados-Tochoy, J. C., Lastra-Romero, C. A., Correa-Casas, M., & Monsalve, D. (2007). Estudio florístico de la agrobiodiversidad del municipio de Garagoa (Valle de Tenza, Boyacá, Colombia). Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá.
  • Toscano-González, J. Y. (2006). Uso tradicional de plantas medicinales en la vereda San Isidro, municipio de San José de Pare-Boyacá: Un estudio preliminar usando técnicas cuantitativas. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 11(2), 137-146.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Berhaut, J. (1976). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 5: 1-658. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Florence, J., Waldren, S. & Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. (1995). The flora of the Pitcairn islands: a review Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 79-119.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2 Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Compendium de la Flore Phanérogamique des Nouvelles Hébrides Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Geologique de Marseille, VI, 5-6: 1-56.
  • Hallé, N. (1980). Les Orchidees de Tubuai (archipel des Australes, Sud Polynesie), suivies d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des iles Australes Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 2(3): 69-130.
  • Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition Sommerfeltia 17: 1-295.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
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    ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
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  • Flora Zambesiaca

    Flora Zambesiaca
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  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
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  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

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  • International Legume Database and Information Service

    International Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS) V10.39 Nov 2011
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    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

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  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
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  • Kew Science Photographs

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    ColPlantA database
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