Araceae
Lemna

Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.

First published in Apont.: 578 (1859)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropics & Subtropics. It is a hydroperennial and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Aldabra, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Republic, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Free State, French Guiana, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Illinois, India, Iowa, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Manchuria, Maryland, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Mozambique, Mozambique Channel Is., Namibia, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Mexico, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oklahoma, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Carolina, Southwest Caribbean, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Uganda, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Virginia, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Khabarovsk, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Haigh, A. & Boyce, P.C. (2012). Flora Zambesiaca 12(1): 1-54. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hernandez, J. (2007). In Hawaiian rainforests: exotic aroid ecologies. Aroideana 30: 91-97.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (2016). Flora of Japan IVb: 1-335. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Lejoly, J., Ndjele, L. & Geerinck, D. (2008). Flore de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 24: 1-37.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Mansor, M., Boyce, P.C., Othman, A.S. & Sulaiman, B. (2012). The Araceae of peninsular Malaysia: 1-146. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  • Nadruz Coelho, M.A. (2010). A família Araceae na reserva natural Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, n.s., 28: 41-87.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2010). Flore du Gabon 41: 1-75. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • Welw. in Anaes Conselho Ultramar. 55: 543 (1858).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

CATE Araceae

  • Landolt, E. 1986. The family of Lemnaceae - a monographic study, 1. Veröff. Geobot. Isnt. ETH (Stift. Rübel). 71: 1-563

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202200001. epublication.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Chou, S., Chhnang, P. & Kim, Y. (2016). A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia: 1-272. National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea.
  • Christopherson, E. (1935). Flowering Plants of Samoa. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 128: 1-221.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hernandez, J. (2007). In Hawaiian rainforests: exotic aroid ecologies. Aroideana 30: 91-97.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (2016). Flora of Japan IVb: 1-335. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 1979 Wright, C. [324] Japan K000499485 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pawek, J. Mrs) [3354] Malawi K002468165 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [10299] Brazil K002468275 Yes
Hall, J.B. [3038] Ghana K002468053 Yes
Acocks, J.P.H. [21459] K002468180 Yes
Lye, K.A.; Katende, A.B. [Ly- 6081] Uganda K002468119 Yes
Thulin, M.; Mhoro, B. [496] Tanzania K002468114 Yes
s.coll. [207] Angola K002468163 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Rutherford-Smith, R.O.B. [7529] Zimbabwe K002468150 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [15624] Jordan K002467782 Yes
Broun, A.F.; [K. Reincolt] [1472] Sudan K002468081 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1735] Botswana K002468162 Yes
Douglas Simpson, N. [7486] Sudan K002468073 Yes
Gless, W. [13534] Namibia K002468178 Yes
s.coll. [5766] Spain K002467695 Yes
Lutjeharms, W.J. [5387] Indonesia K002467979 Yes
s.coll. [5445] Brazil K002468278 Yes
Jenman, G.S. [7657] Guyana K002468279 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [1329] Nigeria K002468061 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [496] Uganda K002468121 Yes
Aké Assi, L. [5953] Cote d'Ivoire K002468048 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [955] Nigeria K002468062 Yes
Verdcourt [1558] Tanzania K002468110 Yes
Ridley, H.N. [s.n.] Singapore K002467969 Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [572] India K002467946 Yes
Cowie, I.D. [1339] Australia K:SPC-56370.000 No
Dinsmore, J.E. [11093] K002467783 Yes
Meyer, F.G. [7501] Ethiopia K002468084 No
Cook, C.D.K. [522] Nigeria K002468060 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Rutherford-Smith, R.O.B. [7549] Zimbabwe K002468149 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [6095] Egypt K002467781 Yes
Stocks, J.E. [141] India K002467945 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [8768] Nigeria K002468054 Yes
Zollinger, H. [36091] K002467978 Yes
Polhill, R.; Paulo, S. [845] Kenya K002468123 Yes
Wright, C. [3722] Brazil K002468276 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H 821] Haiti K002468035 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [5354] Zimbabwe K002468151 Yes
Hildebrandt, J.M. [1279] Tanzania K002468111 Yes
Gless, W. [10899] Namibia K002468179 Yes
Phiri, P.S.M. [1870] Zambia K002468143 Yes
Ward, C.J. [2524] South Africa K002468177 Yes
Walker, E.H.; Tawada, S.; Amano, T. [6012 a] Japan K002467897 Yes
Walker, E.H.; Tawada, S.; Amano, T. [6012 a] Japan K002467468 Yes
Walker, E.H.; Tawada, S.; Amano, T. [6012 a] Japan K002467467 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1516] Botswana K002468158 Yes
Lye, K.A. [Ly3949] Uganda K002468118 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [4095] Cote d'Ivoire K002468047 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] India K000499499 Type Yes
Parker, R.N. [s.n.] India K002467944 Yes
{Pfund; kwoofua} [430] K002467784 Yes
Wild, H.; Leach, L.C. [5197] Mozambique K002468166 Yes
Alison; Heath, R. [1153] Botswana K002468154 Yes
Adames, P. [72] Sierra Leone K002468045 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002468117 Yes
Killick, H.J. [297] Nigeria K002468057 Yes
McGregor, R.C. [23039] Philippines K002467989 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Kanuri [14461] Tanzania K002468116 Yes
Hall, J.B. [2269] Ghana K002468052 Yes
Douglas Simpson, N. [7620] Sudan K002468080 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [1517] Sudan K002468074 Yes
s.coll. [587] K002467693 Yes
Spruce, R.; Exsicc, P.L. [s.n.] K002468289 Yes
Merrill [s.n.] Philippines K002467990 Yes
Whellan, J.A. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K002468148 Yes
Suhail, B.A. [260] India K002467947 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K000499498 Unknown Type Material Yes
Uotila, P. [17608] India K002467931 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K002468277 Yes
Newbould, J.; Jefford, T.G. [2041] Tanzania K002468112 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [1011] Sudan K002468077 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Jones, E.W. [8497] Nigeria K002468055 Yes
Aké Assi, L. [7761] Cote d'Ivoire K002468046 Yes
Smith, P.A. [879] Botswana K002468157 Yes
Smith, P.A. [210] Botswana K002468159 Yes
Heath, A.; Heath, R. [2100] Botswana K002468152 Yes
St. John, H. [18373] Fiji K002468036 Yes
Hügel, B.V. [103+106] Fiji K002468037 Yes
Robyns [4062] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K002468068 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [6112] Egypt K002467780 Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs) [7258] Kenya K002468124 Yes
Smith, P.A. [2580] Botswana K002468161 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [16088] Thailand K002467972 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [17581] Tanzania K002468115 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002467932 Yes
Hall, J.B. [2349] Ghana K002468050 Yes
Maar, A. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K002468146 Yes
Richards, J.L. (Mrs) [s.n.] Uganda K002468120 Yes
Lock, J.M. [81/121] Sudan K002468071 Yes
Killick, H.J. [298] Nigeria K002468058 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [3740] Sudan K002468076 No
Klaassen, E.S. [EK796] Namibia K002468175 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [9139] Zambia K002468142 Yes
Øllgaard, B.; Asanza C, E.; Brandbyge, J.; Roth, S.; Sperling, C. [35076] Ecuador K002468290 Yes
Heath, A.; Heath, R. [1568] Botswana K002468153 Yes
Robinson, E.A. [589] Zambia K002468141 Yes
s.coll. [2796] Burundi K002468067 Yes
Greenway, P.J. [10796] Tanzania K002468109 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [3986] Sudan K002468082 Yes
Van Heerden, P. [s.n.] Zimbabwe K002468145 Yes
South Africa K:SPC-44233.000 No
Burger, W. [2092] Ethiopia K002468085 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [2837] Sudan K002468075 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [1127] Sudan K002468079 Yes
Aitchison, J.E.T. [538] India K002467943 Yes
Lock, J.M. [82/22] Sudan K002468070 Yes
Hall, J.B. [2421] Ghana K002468051 Yes
Pope, G. [716] Zimbabwe K002468147 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1451] Botswana K002468156 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [6744] Central African Republic K002468064 Yes
McFarlane, M.G. [s.n.] Nigeria K002468059 Yes
Lady Naomi Mitchison [A42] Botswana K002468160 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [21927] Cote d'Ivoire K002468049 Yes
Ascherson, P.; Rohlfs, G. [2269] Sudan K002468083 Yes
s.coll. [587] Spain K002467694 Yes
Fay, J.M. [3708] Central African Republic K002468065 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [3631] Senegal K002468043 Yes
Taylor, P.G. [176] Zambia K002468144 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [5278] Botswana K002468155 Yes
Gossweiler, J. [4976] Angola K002468164 Yes
Holst, C. [3441] Tanzania K002468113 Yes
Mear, A. [S.R.G.H. 468] Zimbabwe K:SPC-24296.000 No
Wild, H. [4766 & 4767] Zimbabwe K:SPC-24297.000 No
Wickens, G.E. [s.n.] Sudan K002468072 No
Wild, H. [2582] Mozambique K002468167 Yes
McFarlane, M.G. [s.n.] Nigeria K002468056 Yes
Biurrum, F. [2760] Argentina K002468309 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [1725] Sudan K002468078 Yes
Thompson, A. [(a)] Guyana K002468280 Yes
Jacques-Félix [7246] French Guiana K002468044 Yes
Wild, H. [4264] Zimbabwe K:SPC-23589.000 No
Letouzey, R. [14797] Cameroon K002468066 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Huayalla, H. [20996] Bolivia K001321494 Yes
Ward, C.J.; Ward, J.D. [143] South Africa K002468176 Yes
Superintendent [s.n.] India K000499500 Unknown Type Material Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [4141] Kenya K:SPC-23247.000 No
Eggeling, W.J. [558] Uganda K002468122 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan Lemna paucicostata K002467898 Yes
Furuse, M. [46622] Japan Lemna paucicostata K002467900 Yes
Furuse, M. [47837] Japan Lemna paucicostata K002467901 Yes
Furuse, M. [46622] Japan Lemna paucicostata K002467899 Yes
Furuse, M. [47838] Japan Lemna paucicostata K002467902 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [11415] Kenya Lemna trinervis K:SPC-33949.000 No

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • CATE Araceae

    • Haigh, A., Clark, B., Reynolds, L., Mayo, S.J., Croat, T.B., Lay, L., Boyce, P.C., Mora, M., Bogner, J., Sellaro, M., Wong, S.Y., Kostelac, C., Grayum, M.H., Keating, R.C., Ruckert, G., Naylor, M.F. and Hay, A., CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Plants and People Africa

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    • © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0