Paris quadrifolia L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 367 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Europe to Mongolia. It is a rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, Chita, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Inner Mongolia, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Manchuria, Mongolia, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardegna, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Tuva, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2001). Key to the Vascular Plants of Mongolia 1: 1-411. Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, USA. Plymouth, U.K.
  • Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I. & Çimen, A.Ö. (eds.) (2018). Resimli Türkiye Florası (Illustrated Flora of Türkiye) 2: 1-1054. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit. Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Ji, Y. (2021). A monograph of Paris (Melanthiaceae): 1-203. Science press Beijing.
  • Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1-586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
  • Malyschev L.I. & Peschkova , G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 4: 1-238. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Nikolin, E.G. (2020). Opredelitel' vysshikh rasteniy Yakutii: 1-895. Moskva : Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdaniy KMK Novosibirsk "Nauka".
  • Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1958). Flora Kazakhstana 2: 1-290. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
  • Rico, E. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora Iberica 20: 1-651. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Zhengyi, W. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2000). Flora of China 24: 1-431. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Özhatay, F.N., Kültür, S. & Gürdal, M.B. (2011). Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement Flora of Turkey V. Turkish Journal of Botany 35: 589-624.

Kew Species Profiles

  • Alpine Garden Society (2012). Plant Portraits: Paris quadrifolia.
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121.
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (2012).
  • Biological Records Centre (BRC) (2012). Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora: Paris quadrifolia. Available at: http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=plant/paris-quadrifolia (accessed 10 December 2012).
  • Botanical Society of the British Isles (BSBI). Maps Scheme.
  • Chase, M. W. & Reveal, J. L. (2009). A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 122–127.
  • Davies, D. (1995). Enwau Cymraeg ar Blanhigio: Welsh Names of Plants. National Museums and Galleries of Wales.
  • Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants, 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. < www.iucnredlist.org> (accessed 10 December 2012).
  • JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee) (2012). The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain: Conservation Designations for UK Taxa.
  • Jacquemyn, H., Brys, R. & Hutchings, M. J. (2008). Biological Flora of the British Isles: Paris quadrifolia L. Journal of Ecology 96: 833–844.
  • Mabberley, D. J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-book: a Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Mabey, R. (1996). Flora Britannica. Sinclair-Stevenson, London.
  • Stace, C. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • The Plant List (2010). Paris quadrifolia.
  • Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M & Webb, P. A. (1980). Flora Europaea, Volume 5 Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • WCSP (2012). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet:

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2001). Key to the Vascular Plants of Mongolia 1: 1-411. Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, USA. Plymouth, U.K.
  • Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1-586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
  • Malyschev L.I. & Peschkova , G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 4: 1-238. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1958). Flora Kazakhstana 2: 1-290. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Zhengyi, W. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2000). Flora of China 24: 1-431. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Özhatay, F.N., Kültür, S. & Gürdal, M.B. (2011). Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement Flora of Turkey V. Turkish Journal of Botany 35: 589-624.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Krylov, P.N. [s.n.] K002777192 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [28651] United Kingdom K002777227 Yes
Cotton, A.D. [[10600]] United Kingdom K002777221 Yes
Brenan, R.A.F. [1380] United Kingdom K002777096 Yes
Besser, W. [s.n.] Russia K000844361 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [1029] United Kingdom K002777283 Yes
Carrier [s.n.] France K002777140 Yes
[Boiderg] [s.n.] K002777170 Yes
Churchill, G.C. [s.n.] K002777202 Yes
[T. Henen] [s.n.] K002777197 Yes
Meebold, A. [s.n.] Germany K002777196 Yes
Bullock, A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777300 Yes
Rudd, C.W. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777100 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777116 Yes
[And.] [s.n.] K002777276 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D29723A] Türkiye K002777317 Yes
Faber, E. (Revd) [s.n.] China K002777394 Yes
Jackson, A.B. [1525] United Kingdom K002777292 Yes
Davy, J.B. [129/27] France K002777224 Yes
Zrenner, L. [s.n.] K002777184 Yes
Burgess, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777229 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777139 Yes
Atmanskich, Z. [s.n.] Russia K002777144 Yes
Muret, F. [s.n.] Switzerland K002777178 Yes
Thomas [69] K002777183 Yes
Ahlberg, F. [s.n.] K002777173 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777175 Yes
Weinerby Logen, R.; Clay, T. [977] Iceland K002777157 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777149 Yes
Melville, R. United Kingdom K:SPC-05484.000 No
Gamble, J.S. [29756] United Kingdom K002777226 Yes
{Gander} [s.n.] K002777209 Yes
Bonnet [s.n.] France K002777214 Yes
Mell, R. [35] Japan K002777393 Yes
Collett, R. [s.n.] K002777269 Yes
Devis, H.F. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777264 Yes
Ledebour [s.n.] Russia K000844362 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777203 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [s.n.] Switzerland K002777223 Yes
Snogerup, S.E. [s.n.] Sweden K002777162 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777187 Yes
Worsdell, W.C. [716/1] United Kingdom K002777104 Yes
Stock, D. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777215 Yes
Knuut, V. [s.n.] Estonia K002777208 Yes
Darwell, L. [s.n.] K002777228 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777109 Yes
[J. Hemus] [167] K002777199 Yes
Giles, J.J. [124] United Kingdom K000899974 Yes
[Lucher] [s.n.] K002777147 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Lack, H.W. [20418] Austria K002777168 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [2653] Albania K002777154 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [12814] Spain K002777167 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777114 Yes
Last, G.V.C. [716/1] United Kingdom K002777105 Yes
Levan, A. [s.n.] Sweden K002777160 Yes
Jacobs, M. [2524] Netherlands K002777190 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777200 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [32074] United Kingdom K002777189 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777618 Yes
Mameev, S. [788] Russia K002777326 Yes
Wisniewski, T. [1431] Bulgaria K002777153 Yes
Collett, R. [s.n.] Norway K002777169 Yes
Balls, E.K. [B385] K002777319 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777110 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [2] United Kingdom K002777261 Yes
Butcher, R.W. [158] Germany K002777206 Yes
Ruhsam, M. [DMR3] United Kingdom K001768107 Yes
[Khurtine] [s.n.] K002777177 Yes
s.coll. [132] Austria K001613426 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002777176 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K001613424 Yes
[Prort] [s.n.] France K001613425 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777304 Yes
McCallum-Webster, M. [8519] United Kingdom K002777135 Yes
Sydow, P. [s.n.] K002777204 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K002777211 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777286 Yes
s.coll. [182] K002777145 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777134 Yes
[C. Roakt] [672] Germany K002777174 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777130 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777121 Yes
Alston, A.H.G.; Sandwith, N.Y. [34] Greece K002777142 Yes
Forrest [716/1] United Kingdom K002777107 Yes
Pearce, S.A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777298 Yes
[Horchaiss] [s.n.] K002777272 Yes
Stainton, J.D.A. [7348] Greece K002777143 Yes
Dauphiné [s.n.] France K002777212 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [279] United Kingdom K002777112 Yes
Schirajewsky, J. [s.n.] Russia K002777180 Yes
Taylor, P.G. [0013] United Kingdom K002777137 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [3500] France K002777164 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [29786] Norway K002777268 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777194 Yes
Waterfall, W.B. [1318] United Kingdom K002777124 Yes
Parker (Mrs); Cubitt, M. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777288 Yes
Baldacci, A. [249] Greece K002777155 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777289 Yes
Bedford [s.n.] K002777278 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K002777188 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777290 Yes
Hill, A.W. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777265 Yes
Worsdell, W.C. [716/1] United Kingdom K002777132 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777150 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] France K002777186 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777161 Yes
Asplund, E. [s.n.] Sweden K002777159 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777195 Yes
Curator [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777122 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [48901] France K002777275 Yes
Reclaire, A. [s.n.] Netherlands K002777191 Yes
Abbot [s.n.] K002777280 Yes
Hurst, L.H. [69] Bulgaria K002777274 Yes
Merston [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777113 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [8] United Kingdom K002777232 Yes
[T. Henen] [s.n.] K002777198 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777222 Yes
Tschonoski [s.n.] Japan K002777395 Yes
Melville, R. [[178]] United Kingdom K002777303 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777182 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777259 Yes
Taylor, P.G. [0804] United Kingdom K002777136 Yes
Balls, E.K. [B385] K002777318 Yes
[Oliver, D.] [s.n.] K002777273 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [2304] United Kingdom K002777127 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777123 Yes
Murr, J. [s.n.] Austria K002777148 Yes
Fay, M.F. [MFF107] United Kingdom K000696452 Yes
[Frume] [s.n.] K002777270 Yes
Edmonds, M.E. [302] Austria K002777231 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777297 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777291 Yes
Esquirol, J.H. [27] China K002777396 Yes
{Kemmler} [s.n.] K002777146 Yes
Sinker, C.A. [8] United Kingdom K002777099 Yes
Lindberg, H. [s.n.] Norway K002777205 Yes
[Belle Fontaine Nancy] [119] France K002777267 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777120 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777302 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777296 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002777210 Yes
[Coûteaux] [1521] Belgium K002777193 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777284 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [1654] United Kingdom K002777117 Yes
Proskuryakova, G.M. [s.n.] Russia K002777217 Yes
Churchill, G.C. [s.n.] Germany K002777185 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777097 Yes
[Jmure] [s.n.] K002777171 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [2949] Isle of Man K002777129 Yes
Stock, D. [s.n.] K002777277 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777131 Yes
[G. H. Candwell] [264] Iceland K002777158 Yes
Reeder, N. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777230 Yes
Burgess, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777220 Yes
Le Fleming (Mrs) [s.n.] Russia K002777327 Yes
Robson, G. [716/1] United Kingdom K002777103 Yes
Devis, H.F. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777263 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777095 Yes
Golenz [s.n.] K002777172 Yes
Wyatt, J.W. [113] K002777156 Yes
Handel-Mazzetti, H.R.E. [s.n.] Greece K002777218 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [1573] Bulgaria K002777152 Yes
Wyatt, J.W. [92] K002777207 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Spain K002777163 Yes
s.coll. [1318] K002777125 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [2335] United Kingdom K002777128 Yes
s.coll. [349[5]] K002777216 Yes
Guichard, K.M. [TUR/12/59] Türkiye K002777320 Yes
Payne, J.H. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777287 Yes
s.coll. [3[5]01] K002777151 Yes
[Rev. Gover] [1525] United Kingdom K002777295 Yes
C. P. [Storest] [1525] K002777293 Yes
[MasCock] [s.n.] K002777279 Yes
s.coll. [S78] Greece K002777219 Yes
Airy Shaw, H.K. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777133 Yes
s.coll. [1525] United Kingdom K002777294 Yes
Verdcourt, B. [4448] France K002777165 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777285 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [29737] United Kingdom K002777225 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777098 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] K002777299 Yes
Edmonds [16] K002777260 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777126 Yes
Christenhusz, M.J.M.; van de Riet, B. [167] France K002777141 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.W.B.H. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777118 Yes
Zuschke, H. [s.n.] K002777181 Yes
Last, G.V.C. [716/1] United Kingdom K002777106 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [4291] United Kingdom K002777094 Yes
Stewart, A. [s.n.] K002777266 Yes
Trethewy, A.W. [13] United Kingdom K002777262 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] Bulgaria K002777282 Yes
Worsdell, W.C. [[716/1]] United Kingdom K002777101 Yes
Turrill, W.B. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777119 Yes
Bullock, A. [1525] United Kingdom K002777301 Yes
Sprague, T.A. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777138 Yes
Waterfall, C. [2425] United Kingdom K002777111 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [3912] France K002777213 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777115 Yes
Fleming, L. [s.n.] Russia K002777328 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K002777108 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0