Acanthaceae
Thunbergia

Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims

First published in Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2591 (1825)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa, Madagascar. It is a climbing shrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Jawa, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Marianas, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, Ogasawara-shoto, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Society Is., Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Araújo, D. & Alves, M. (2010). Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil). Phytotaxa 8: 1-24.
  • Arbo, M.M. & al. (2018). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 20(1): 1-488. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha (2000). Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 85: 1-246.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (2000). Flore des Mascareignes 127-135: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1998). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 12: 1-390. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(1): 1-904. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Heine, H. (1976). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7: 1-212. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1993). Flora of Japan IIIa: 1-482. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Kuo, M.L. (ed.) (2012). Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2, Suppl.: 1-414. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Second Edition, National Taiwan University.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Marchioretto, M.S., Pires da Silva, V.R.S. & Parode, M.F. (2015). A família Acanthaceae Juss. no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas: Botanica 68: 7-82.
  • Monteiro de Barros, A.A., de Andrade Ribas, L. & Dunn Araujo, D.S. (2009). Trepadeiras do Parque Estadual da Serra do Tiririca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rodriguésia 60: 681-694.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Ningombam, D.S. (2014). The family Acanthaceae for the flora of Manipur: 1-115. LAP Lambert academic publishing.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1985). Flora du Rwanda 3: 1-729. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
  • Vikraman, R/R/, Pandurangan, A.G. & Thulasidas, G. (2008). A study on the garden escaped exotics of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of East African Natural History 32: 765-781.
  • Vollesen, K. (2008). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Acanthaceae(1): 1-285.
  • Vollesen, K. (2013). Flora Zambesiaca 8(5): 1-184. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aké Assi, Contrib. 1: 202.
  • Bremekamp in Verh. K. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk. sect. 2, 50: 41 (1955)
  • F.T.A. 5: 16
  • Milne-Redhead in Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 9, 1: 19 (1954)
  • in Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2591 (1825)

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Bandeira et al., Fl. Nat. S. Mozamb.: 189 (2007).
  • Burkill in F.T.A. 5: 16 (1899).
  • Lebrun & Stork, Enum. Pl. Afr. Trop. 4: 505 (1997).
  • Nees in De Candolle, Prodr. 11: 58 (1847).
  • Sims in Bot. Mag. 52: t.2591 (1825).
  • Vollesen in F.T.E.A., Acanthaceae 1: 56 (2008).
  • White et al., Evergr. For. Fl. Malawi: 119 (2001).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Araújo, D. & Alves, M. (2010). Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil). Phytotaxa 8: 1-24.
  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1994). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 1: 1-336. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha (2000). Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 85: 1-246.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (2000). Flore des Mascareignes 127-135: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
  • Christopherson, E. (1935). Flowering Plants of Samoa. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 128: 1-221.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1998). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 12: 1-390. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(1): 1-904. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Heine, H. (1976). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7: 1-212. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kuo, M.L. (ed.) (2012). Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2, Suppl.: 1-414. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Second Edition, National Taiwan University.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.
  • Marchioretto, M.S., Pires da Silva, V.R.S. & Parode, M.F. (2015). A família Acanthaceae Juss. no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas: Botanica 68: 7-82.
  • Monteiro de Barros, A.A., de Andrade Ribas, L. & Dunn Araujo, D.S. (2009). Trepadeiras do Parque Estadual da Serra do Tiririca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rodriguésia 60: 681-694.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Ningombam, D.S. (2014). The family Acanthaceae for the flora of Manipur: 1-115. LAP Lambert academic publishing.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Vikraman, R/R/, Pandurangan, A.G. & Thulasidas, G. (2008). A study on the garden escaped exotics of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of East African Natural History 32: 765-781.
  • Vollesen, K. (2013). Flora Zambesiaca 8(5): 1-184. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Afr. J. Ecol. 17: 154 (1979)
  • Binns, Check List Herb. Fl. Malawi: 16 (1968)
  • Biol. Skr. 51(2): 455 (2005)
  • Blundell, Wild Fl. E. Afr.: 396, pl. 128 & 403 (1987)
  • Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2591 (1825)
  • DC., Prodr. 11: 58 (1847)
  • De Wild., Pl. Beq. 1: 443 (1921)
  • E.P.A.: 927 (1964)
  • F.E.E. 5: 353 (2006)
  • F.P.N.A. 2: 266 (1947)
  • F.P.S. 3: 189, fig. 51 (1956)
  • F.T.A. 5: 16 (1899)
  • F.W.T.A. (ed. 2) 2: 400 (1963)
  • Fl. Madag. 182, Acanthacées 1: 10 (1967)
  • Fl. Rwanda 3: 489 (1985)
  • Fl. Somalia 3: 376 (2006).
  • Hook., Exotic Fl.: t. 166 (1827)
  • K.B. 1933: 93 (1934)
  • Lebrun & Stork, Enum. Pl. Afr. Trop. 4: 505 (1997)
  • Peters, Reise Mossamb., Bot.: 196 (1861)
  • Symb. Bot. Ups. 29(3): 162 (1991)
  • U.K.W.F., ed. 2: 267, pl. 115 (1994)
  • U.K.W.F.: 575 & 578 (1974)
  • U.O.P.Z.: 470 & 472 (1949)
  • White et al.,For. Fl. Malawi: 119 (2001)

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 1, 2019 Osborne, J. [JO1498] Mozambique K001346204 Yes
Oct 29, 2015 Shiu Ying Hu [7198] China K000938754 Yes
Jan 1, 2002 Etuge, M. [1647] Cameroon K000109348 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Whyte, A. [s.n.] Malawi K000393606 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Kirk [s.n.] Malawi K000393609 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Kirk [s.n.] Malawi K000393610 Isotype Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Kirk [s.n.] Malawi K000393608 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Meller, C.J. [s.n.] Malawi K000393607 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Whyte, A. [s.n.] Malawi K000393605 Syntype Yes
Dec 20, 1935 Hinton, G.B. [4822] Mexico K000064107 Yes
Usteri, A. [238b] Brazil K001032360 Yes
Usteri [146] Brazil K001032359 Yes
Friis, I.; Vollesen, K.B. [50] South Sudan K004144796 Yes
Troupin, G. [3303] Rwanda K:SPC-02939.000 No
Stewart, R.B. [B-7] Ethiopia K004144827 Yes
Sparrow, M.; Brewster, P. [VERA 102] Mexico K000064103 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [8466] Ethiopia K004144804 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [7717] Ethiopia K004144815 Yes
de Kruif, A.P.M. [1368] Malawi K001574466 Yes
Friis, I.; Vollesen, K.B. [450] South Sudan K004144797 Yes
Thulin, M.; Warfa, A.M. [6112] Somalia K001622819 Yes
Pollard, B.J.; Ngwane; Damsala, O.; Besume. [577] Cameroon K001518564 Yes
Tadesse, M.; Kagnew, G.Y. [2361] Ethiopia K004144817 Yes
Lucas, E.J. [685] Brazil K001032348 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [5960] Ethiopia K004144825 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [14474] Ethiopia K004144828 Yes
Eiten, G. [6061] Brazil K001032354 Yes
Calzada, J.I. [898] Mexico K000064105 Yes
Palmer, M.C.L. [63] Ethiopia K004144813 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [10964] Tanzania K:SPC-02940.000 No
Calzada, J.I. [883] Mexico K000064104 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [10368] Tanzania K:SPC-24157.000 No
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [8862] Ethiopia K004144818 Yes
Kerber, E. [76] Mexico K000064109 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, G.S.; Semon, F.; Jensen, M.; Keneei, L. [8081] Ethiopia K004144810 Yes
Lucas, E.J. [721] Brazil K001032347 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [5322] Ethiopia K004144808 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [20629] Brazil K001032358 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [2985] Sudan K004144799 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [20932] Ethiopia K004144820 Yes
Kuchar, P. [17676] Somalia K004144830 Yes
Sillitoe, F. [424] Sudan K004144800 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Phillips, S.; Tefera, D. [9229] Ethiopia K004144814 Yes
Ash [691] Ethiopia K:SPC-51050.000 No
Gilbert, E.F. [332] Ethiopia K004144806 Yes
Bidgood, S.; Darbyshire, I.; Hoenselaar, K.; Leliyo, G.; Sanchez-Ken, G.; Vollesen, K. [5459] Tanzania K000190689 Yes
Andrews, F.W. [1037] Sudan K004144802 Yes
Eiten, G. [7086] Brazil K001032353 Yes
Friis, I.; Aweke, G.; Rasmussen, F.; Vollesen, K.B. [1544] Ethiopia K004144823 Yes
Piffard, F. [107] Ethiopia K004144809 Yes
Meyer, F.G. [7640] Ethiopia K004144803 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [5154] Mexico K000064110 Yes
Irwin, H.S. [15871] Brazil K001032357 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 7141] K001126775 Unknown Type Material Yes
Vieira, M.C.W. [454] Brazil K001032352 Yes
Silva, N.T. [58341] Brazil K001032361 Yes
K:SPC-17172.000 No
Gilbert, M.G.; Thulin, M. [765] Ethiopia K004144819 Yes
Wellman, F.C. [1815] Angola K001009198 Yes
Meyer, F.G. [8053] Ethiopia K004144826 Yes
Félix, L.P. [s.n.] Brazil K001032350 Yes
Tadesse, M.; Kagnew, G.Y. [2144] Ethiopia K004144812 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [9480] Ethiopia K004144811 Yes
Arbo, M.M. [5546] Brazil K001032351 Yes
Kuchar, P. [16635] Somalia K004144829 Yes
Palmer, M.C.L. [26] Ethiopia K004144822 Yes
Rovirosa, J.N. [265] Mexico K000064108 Yes
Ash, J. (Mrs.) [691] Ethiopia K004144805 Yes
Bourgeau, M. [1350] Mexico K000064106 Yes
Bojer [s.n.] Tanzania K000393628 Type Yes
Johnston, H.B. [1465] Sudan K004144798 Yes
Kirk [s.n.] Malawi K000393604 Syntype Yes
Friis, I.; Aweke, G.; Rasmussen, F.; Vollesen, K.B. [1552] Ethiopia K004144807 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [9147] Ethiopia K004144821 Yes
Bojer [s.n.] Tanzania K000393627 Type Yes
Jackson, J.K. [3816] Sudan K004144801 Yes
Ash [1470] Ethiopia K004144824 Yes
Heringer, E.P. [3427-A] Brazil K001032356 Yes
Mori, S.A. [10092] Brazil K001032355 Yes
Chaffey, D.R. [128] Ethiopia K004144816 Yes
Pirani, J.R. [2811] Brazil K001032349 Yes

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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    • Copyright applied to individual images

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0