Meliaceae
Toona

Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem.

First published in Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 139 (1846)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Indian Subcontinent to Central & S. China and W. Malesia. It is a tree and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Assam, Borneo, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Germany, Korea, Maryland, Tanzania, Uganda

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1995-1996). Flora Malesiana 12: 1-784. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Longbottom, W.D., Naczi, R.F.C. & Knapp, W.M. (2016). Flowering plant species new to Delaware and Maryland. Bartonia 69: 1-19.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
  • Wongprasert, T., Phengklai, C. & Boonthavikoon, T. (2011). A synoptic account of the Meliaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 39: 210-266.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Broicz, K. (1982). Flora Iranica 153: 1-15. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1995-1996). Flora Malesiana 12: 1-784. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Longbottom, W.D., Naczi, R.F.C. & Knapp, W.M. (2016). Flowering plant species new to Delaware and Maryland. Bartonia 69: 1-19.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Styles, B.T. & White, F. (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Meliaceae: 1-67.
  • Wongprasert, T., Phengklai, C. & Boonthavikoon, T. (2011). A synoptic account of the Meliaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 39: 210-266.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mar 1, 2000 Royle, J.F. [s.n.] India K000657856 Type Yes
Mar 1, 2000 Royle, J.F. [s.n.] India K000657855 Type Yes
Feb 1, 2000 Teysmann [s.n.] Indonesia K000657849 Type Yes
Gamble, J.S. [24495] K004845429 Yes
Cavalerie, J. [849] China K004845319 Yes
[Bretschneider] [s.n.] K004845289 Yes
Wang, Y.K. [2891] China K004845300 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [5907A] K004845398 Yes
Worthington, T.B. [1751] Sri Lanka K004845488 Yes
s.coll. [127-TBZ] Madagascar K004845740 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] K004845401 Yes
Ford, C. [251] China K004845301 Yes
[Almort] [s.n.] K004845383 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K004845760 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [25536] K004845390 Yes
[L. Channet] [640] K004845291 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [585] China K004845316 Yes
Wang, Y.K. [2891] China K004845299 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Nepal K004845430 Yes
Worthington, T.B. [6782] Sri Lanka K004845489 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004845293 Yes
s.coll. Burma K004845472 Yes
Wang Yang-Ming [294] China K004845275 Yes
Cheng, W.C.; Hwa, C.T. [1152] China K004845322 Yes
[Almorel] [s.n.] K004845384 Yes
s.coll. Burma K004116089 Yes
David, A. (Abbé) [2386] K004845290 Yes
s.coll. [[4701H]] K004845381 Yes
Stewart, J.L. [s.n.] K004845428 Yes
Wallich (Dr) [s.n.] Nepal K004845399 Yes
s.coll. Burma K004845473 Yes
Xiao Bai-Zhong [4350] China K004845277 Yes
Meyer, F.N. [964] China K004845294 Yes
Maire, E.E. [136] China K004845320 Yes
Chung, H.H. [2500] China K004845298 Yes
Xiao Bai-Zhong [4350] China K004845276 Yes
Ford, C. [251] China K004845302 Yes
[Dr. King] [9/75] K004845404 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Madagascar K004845742 Yes
Worthington, T.B. [784] Sri Lanka K004845487 Yes
[Bunge] [s.n.] K004845292 Yes
Stone, B. [14602] Malaysia K004845582 Yes
Whitmore, T.C. [FRI20098] Malaysia K004845580 Yes
Watt, G. [7243] India K004845431 Yes
[Dr. King] [9/75] K004845403 Yes
Thomson, T. [s.n.] K004845400 Yes
s.coll. [127-TBZ] Madagascar K004845741 Yes
Nur, Mohd [SFN32706] Malaysia K004845579 Yes
Xiao Bai-Zhong [4201] China K004845279 Yes
s.coll. [3067] China K004845297 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004845387 Yes
Henry, A. [[12807]] China K004845321 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004845288 Yes
Hooker [s.n.] India K004845405 Yes
Lace, J.H. Burma K004845476 Yes
Wang Yang-Ming [372] China K004845274 Yes
Duthie, J.F. [s.n.] K004845392 Yes
[almoret] [s.n.] K004845385 Yes
Strachey, R.; Winterbottom, J.E. [2] K004845388 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [585] China K004845313 Yes
Edgeworth, M.P. [506] K004845402 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [18677] Thailand K004845518 Yes
Stone, B. [14062] Malaysia K004845578 Yes
[Almord] [s.n.] K004845382 Yes
Xiao Bai-Zhong [4201] China K004845278 Yes
Lace, J.H. Burma K004845475 Yes
Drummond, J.R. (Mr) [21406] India K004845393 Yes
Drummond, J.R. (Mr) [21409] India K004845394 Yes
Balasubramaniam, S. [s.n.] Sri Lanka K004845493 Yes
Drummond, J.R. (Mr) [21481] India K004845395 Yes
Drummond, J.R. (Mr) [21407] India K004845397 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [27070] K004845386 Yes
Stone, B. [14062] Malaysia K004845581 Yes
Drummond, J.R. (Mr) [21408] India K004845391 Yes
Balasubramaniam, S. [s.n.] Sri Lanka K004845492 Yes
Cavalerie, J. [3448] China K004845314 Yes
Cavalerie, J. [3448] China K004845315 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [585] China K004845317 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China K004845761 Yes
Sprague, T.A. [102] India K004845389 Yes
Stewart, R.R. [2297] K004845396 Yes
Prazer, J.C. Burma K004845474 Yes
Henry, A. [11131] China K004845318 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [19387] Thailand K004845517 Yes
Henry, A. [3657] China Toona sinensis var. hupehana K000657873 Type Yes
Cheek, M. Madagascar Toona serrata K:SPC-70000.003 No
Meijer, W. [300] Sri Lanka Toona serrata K004845490 Yes
Meijer, W. [300] Sri Lanka Toona serrata K004845491 Yes
Griffith Bhutan Toona glabra K004845466 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Wood Anatomy Microscope Slides

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/