- Family:
- Myrtaceae Juss.
- Genus:
- Eucalyptus L'Hér.
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
Tasmanian blue gum was first described in 1799 by Jacques de Labillardière, a French botanist who collected specimens at Recherche Bay on the south-east coast of Tasmania during the d'Entrecasteaux expedition in 1792. The specific epithet globulus is Latin for globe-like or spherical and refers to the shape of the fruit.

[KSP]
Kew Species Profiles
- General Description
-
The principal source of eucalyptus oil, Tasmanian blue gum is a tall, evergreen tree native to Tasmania and Victoria and is the most widely cultivated eucalypt across Australia and the rest of the world.
Tasmanian blue gum was first described in 1799 by Jacques de Labillardière, a French botanist who collected specimens at Recherche Bay on the south-east coast of Tasmania during the d'Entrecasteaux expedition in 1792. The specific epithet globulus is Latin for globe-like or spherical and refers to the shape of the fruit.
Eucalyptus globulus forms tall, open forests, growing in monospecific stands or with other species of eucalypt. It can grow as a stunted shrub in extreme environments, such as on rock outcrops. It is adapted to temperate environments with winter rainfall and sufficient summer rainfall, and thrives in the cool zones of tropical mountains. It is widely planted across southern Australia and in many other parts of the world for paper pulp and timber production, and as an ornamental. In 1962, E. globulus was proclaimed the floral emblem of Tasmania.
The leaves of Eucalyptus globulus are the principal source of eucalyptus oil. The oil is antiseptic and is used medicinally as a decongestant for treating catarrh, bronchitis and influenza. It is also used in liniments for bruises, sprains and muscular pains, and to make herbal tea infusions.
- Species Profile
-
Geography and distribution
Widespread and locally abundant in east and south-east Tasmania. There are also isolated natural occurrences on the west coast of Tasmania, on King and Flinders Islands in the Bass Strait, and in the state of Victoria. It has been widely planted in temperate South America, China and sub-Saharan Africa. Vast plantations have been established in southern Australia, Spain, Chile and elsewhere. Tasmanian blue gum was first introduced to the British Isles in 1829 and survives outdoors in gardens with a mild climate.
DescriptionVaried in form, occurring as a stunted shrub or a medium to very tall (up to 70 m) evergreen tree, with a trunk diameter up to 2 m. The bark at the base of the tree is rough and persistent but peels to reveal long strips of the smooth, pale grey, white or yellowish trunk for most of its height. The petioles (leaf stalks) are winged and somewhat square in cross-section.
The juvenile leaves are positioned in opposite pairs, are blue-green in colour with a waxy surface, and up to 15 cm long and 11 cm wide. The adult leaves are borne alternately on the stem and are glossy, green to dark green. They have petioles and are narrower and longer (up to 30 cm long and 3 cm wide) than the juvenile leaves, and are sickle-shaped with numerous oil glands.
The inflorescence arises from the leaf axil and is unbranched with a single flower (occasionally three flowers). The pedicel (flower stalk) is absent or very short (up to 0.4 cm). The buds are glaucous, with four or more distinct ridges. The operculum (cap covering the stamens) is flattened with a prominent, warty, central knob.
The flowers are white or cream, produce copious amounts of nectar and are pollinated by birds, mammals and insects. The hemispherical, woody fruits are 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, with a broad disc and 4 or 5 valves.
Threats and conservationEucalyptus globulus as a species is not considered threatened, and its gene pool is diverse, both in its native range and in terms of 'landraces' that have evolved locally in countries where it is now planted. However, E. globulus forests are conserved in several protected areas in Tasmania and Victoria, such as Maria Island National Park, Freycinet National Park, Tasman Arch State Reserve and St Mary's Pass State Reserve.
Tasmanian blue gum is a significant invasive alien in parts of California and elsewhere. It is just beginning to escape from plantations in south-west Australia following two decades of large-scale introductions.
UsesThe flowers of Tasmanian blue gum produce copious volumes of nectar resulting in strongly flavoured honey. The timber, which is pale, hard and durable, is especially valuable for heavy construction (including wharves, bridges and railway sleepers) and is also used for fence poles.
Tasmanian blue gum is widely planted for paper pulp, is an important source of firewood, and makes good charcoal. It is also used to control soil erosion, on account of its wide-spreading roots and fast growth rate. The species has also been planted in swampy areas in Algeria, Lebanon, Italy and California with the purpose of drying the soil and reducing the breeding habitat for malarial mosquitoes.
A newly expanding use of E. globulus is for carbon sequestration, to mitigate the effects of rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Tasmanian blue gum also has horticultural value due to the unusual colour and form of the blue-grey juvenile leaves. Young stems are cut and used in floristry.
Millennium Seed Bank: Seed StorageKew's Millennium Seed Bank Partnership aims to save plant life world wide, focusing on plants under threat and those of most use in the future. Seeds are dried, packaged and stored at a sub-zero temperature in our seed bank vault.
Description of seeds : Average 1,000 seed weight = 37.4 g
Number of seed collections stored in the Millennium Seed Bank : 7 Seed storage behaviour : Orthodox (the seeds of this plant survive being dried without significantly reducing their viability, and are therefore amenable to long-term frozen storage such as at the MSB)
This species at KewTasmanian blue gum can be seen growing near Brentford Gate and Climbers and Creepers at Kew Gardens, and is also grown in the nursery at Wakehurst.
Pressed and dried specimens of Eucalyptus globulus are held in Kew's Herbarium, where they are available to researchers from around the world, by appointment.
Specimens of oil, bark, gum, leaves, fruits, wood and items such as jewellery, a walking stick and even a cigar made from parts of E. globulus are held in the Economic Botany Collection at Kew.
Australia Landscape - Kew at the British MuseumIn 2011, Kew and the British Museum brought to the heart of London a landscape showcasing the rich biodiversity of Australia, and how these fragile systems are under threat from land usage and climate change.
Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) was one of 12 star plants featured in the Landscape, which took you on a journey across a whole continent, from eastern Australia's coastal habitat, through the arid red centre, to the western Australian granite outcrop featuring unique and highly endangered plants.
Australia Landscape was part of the Australian season at the British Museum. Supported by Rio Tinto .
- Distribution
- Australia
- Ecology
- Tall, open forest on a wide range of soils.
- Conservation
- Not threatened.
- Hazards
-
Eucalyptus oil can cause headaches and convulsions and can be fatal if ingested. It should be kept out of the reach of children. The oil can also cause contact dermatitis.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Tree; bark usually smooth
- Morphology Leaves
- Adult leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 12–25 x 1.7–3 cm, acuminate at apex
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Umbels 1-flowered; pedicels absent or very short
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Operculum
- Operculum flattened hemispherical, about as long as hypanthium
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit 10–21 x 14–24 mm; valves 4–5, somewhat exserted.
- Note
- Reported as planted in southern Somalia in Cuf. Enum.: 628 (1959). The above description refers to subsp. globulus.
- Vernacular
- Tasmanian blue gum (English)
[UNAL]
Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/
- Vernacular
- eucalipto, eucalipto común, eucaliptus, gomero azul, ocal, ocalito, ucal
[FTEA]
Myrtaceae, B. Verdcourt, B.Sc., Ph.D. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2001
- Morphology General Habit
- Tree 30–70 m tall with bark flaking off to reveal smooth white to cream, yellow or grey surface save at extreme base of trunk.
- Morphology Leaves
- Juvenile leaves opposite, sessile and amplexicaul [ovate-oblong, cordate]; adult leaves lanceolate, 12–25 cm long, 1.7–3 cm wide, thick; petiole channelled or flattened, 2–3[–3.5] cm long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Flowers solitary in leaf-axils (rarely in threes). Peduncle 0–6 mm long, compressed; pedicels absent or very short; buds turbinate to obconic, glaucous and warty; operculum flattened hemispherical, 0.7–1.5 cm long, 1.4–1.7 cm wide with prominent umbo.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx-tube obconical, 1–1.2 cm long, 1.4–1.7 cm wide, ribbed.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruits obconic to hemispherical or subglobular, glaucous, 1–2.1 cm long, 1.4–2.4 cm wide with 3–5 flush or included valves; disc broad, level to ascending.
- Figures
- Fig. 6/15, p. 35.
- Distribution
- K3 K4 T3 T7 U2
[UPFC]
- Distribution
- Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 1500–2900 m a.s.l. Cultivated in Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Bogotá DC, Cundinamarca.
- Habit
- Tree.
- Conservation
- IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC.
- Ecology
- Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.
- Vernacular
- Caucapito, Eucalipto, Eucaliptus, Ocal
[CPLC]
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
- Distribution
- Cultivada en Colombia; Alt. 1500 - 2900 m.; Andes.
- Morphology General Habit
- Árbol
[KSP]
- Use
- Essential oil, medicinal, timber, paper pulp, herbal tea, honey, carbon sequestration, ornamental.
[UPFC]
- Use Animal Food
- Used as animal food.
- Use Environmental
- Environmental uses.
- Use Fuel
- Used for fuels.
- Use Food
- Used for food.
- Use Invertebrate Food
- Used as invertebrate food.
- Use Materials
- Used as material.
- Use Medicines
- Medical uses.
- Use Poisons
- Poisons.
- Use Social
- Social uses.
Native to:
New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria
Introduced into:
Albania, Azores, Baleares, Bangladesh, Bolivia, California, Cambodia, Canary Is., Caroline Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Costa Rica, East Aegean Is., Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Free State, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, India, Ireland, Italy, Juan Fernández Is., Kenya, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Madeira, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Morocco, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Pakistan, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Rwanda, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, St.Helena, Tanzania, Transcaucasus, Uganda, Windward Is., Zimbabwe
- English
- Tasmanian blue gum
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar 16, 1973 | s.coll. [s.n.], Australia | K000279753 | isotype | Yes | |
Mar 16, 1973 | Labillardiere, J.J.de. [s.n.], Australia | K000279752 | isotype | Yes |
First published in Voy. Rech. Pérouse 1: 153 (1800)
Accepted by
- Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
- Brown, L.C. (1982). The Flora and Fauna of St Helena: 1-88. Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, England.
- Chou, S., Chhnang, P. & Kim, Y. (2016). A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia: 1-272. National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea.
- Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2004). Liste de la Flore vasculaire de l'île Robinson Crusoe archipel Juan Fernández, Chili Journal de Botanique Société de Botanique de France 24: 67-78.
- Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
- Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2021). Flora of North America North of Mexico 10: 1-456. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Govaerts, R., Sobral, N., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holst, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Fernanda Mazine, F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proença, C. & al. (2008). World Checklist of Myrtaceae: 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
- Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Literature
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
- Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
Kew Species Profiles
- Bown, D. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. (1999). Field Guide to Eucalypts, South-eastern Australia, Volume 1. 2 nd edition. Bloomings Books, Victoria, Australia.
- Floral Emblems of Australia (2010). Eucalyptus globulus.
- Frohne, D. & Pfänder, H.J. (2004). Poisonous Plants: A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians. 2nd Edition. Manson Publishing, London.
- Hingston, A.B. & Potts, B.M. (2005). Pollinator activity can explain variation in outcrossing rates within individual trees. Aus. Ecol. 30: 319–324.
- Kantvilas, G. (1996). The discovery of Tasmanian eucalypts: an historical sketch. Tasforests 8: 1–13
- Maxwell, A., Dell, B., Neumeister-Kemp, H.G., Hardy, E.S. (2003). Mycosphaerella species associated with Eucalyptus in south-western Australia: new species, new records and a key. Mycol. Res. 107: 351–359
- McKinnon, G.E., Potts, B.M., Steane, D.A., Vaillancourt, R.E. (2005). Population and phylogenetics analysis of the cinnamoyl coA reductase gene in Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae). Aus. J. Bot. 53: 827–838.
- McKinnon, G.E., Vaillancourt, R.E., Steane, D.A., Potts, B.M. (2008). An AFLP marker approach to lower-level systematic in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). Am. J. Bot. 95: 368–380.
- Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. & Dines, T.A. (eds) (2002). New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora: An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands CD-ROM. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Strauss, S.Y. (2001). Benefits and risks of biotic exchange between Eucalyptus plantations and native Australian forests. Aus. Ecol. 26: 447–457.
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
- Brown, L.C. (1982). The Flora and Fauna of St Helena: 1-88. Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, England.
- Chou, S., Chhnang, P. & Kim, Y. (2016). A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia: 1-272. National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea.
- Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2004). Liste de la Flore vasculaire de l'île Robinson Crusoe archipel Juan Fernández, Chili Journal de Botanique Société de Botanique de France 24: 67-78.
- Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
- Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
- Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
- Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- Hassler, M. (2012). Flora of Rhodes. Systematic list of flora of Rhodes http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/rhodos/list.php.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
- Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.
- Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
- Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
- Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin & G. Moggi [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Chippendale in Fl. Austral. 19: 352, fig. 95/g–h (1988).
- Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 36 (1953).
- Friis in Fl. Eth. 2 (2): 100, fig. 72.39 (1996).
- J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 371 (1949).
- Labill., Voy. Rech. Pérouse 1: 153, t. 13 (1800).
- Thulin & G. Moggi in Fl. Somalia 1: 245 (1993).
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
- Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
- Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
- FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
- GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
- GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
- IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
- Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
- Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
- PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
- Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
- RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
- Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew
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Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible
ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
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Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Species Profiles
Kew Species Profiles
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
ColPlantA database
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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
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