Myrtaceae
Syzygium

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

First published in Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 248: 25 (1912)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N. Queensland. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a medicine and invertebrate food, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Jawa, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Queensland, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced into:

Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Caroline Is., Colombia, Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Kenya, Leeward Is., Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Panamá, Peru, Philippines, Society Is., Suriname, Tanzania, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.
  • Byng, J.W. & al. (2016). Revision of Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the Comoro archipelago. Phytotaxa 252: 162-184.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Govaerts, R., Sobral, N., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holst, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Fernanda Mazine, F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proença, C. & al. (2008). World Checklist of Myrtaceae: 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Singh, V., Singh, P. & Dash, S.S. (eds.) (2021). Flora of India 9: 1-482. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Soh, W.K. & Parnell, J. (2015). A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). Adansonia, sér. 3, 37: 179-275.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Tuiwawa, S.H., Craven, L.A., Sam, C. & Crisp, M.D. (2013). The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58: 53-67.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2019). https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.427.2.2/38099. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ananda Rao, T. & Ellis, J.L. (1995). Flora of Lakshadweep islands off the Malabar coast, peninsular India, with emphasis on phytogeographical distribution of plants. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19: 235-250.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.
  • Byng, J.W. & al. (2016). Revision of Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the Comoro archipelago. Phytotaxa 252: 162-184.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Holst, B.K. (2008). Personal communication on Myratceae 8 SEL.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Sachet, M.-H. (1983). Takapoto atoll, Tuamotu archipelago: terrestrial vegetation and flora. Atoll Research Bulletin 277: 1-41.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Tuiwawa, S.H., Craven, L.A., Sam, C. & Crisp, M.D. (2013). The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58: 53-67.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (Suppl.): 116 (1931).
  • Amshoff in Fl. Gabon 11: 17 (1966).
  • Ashton in Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 2: 443 (1981).
  • Beentje, Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas p. 127 (1994).
  • Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 66 (1953).
  • F. White in Flora Zambesiaca 4: 203 (1978).
  • J.F. Morton, Fruits Warm Climates: 375, pl. 52 (1987).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 379 (1949).
  • Skeels in U.S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Indust. Bull. 248: 25 (1912).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Feb 1, 2009 Monyrak, M. [103] Cambodia K000565232 Yes
May 1, 2008 Hamilton, M.A.; Clubbe C.P. [318] Montserrat K:SPC-65315.000 No
May 1, 2008 Hamilton, M.A.; Clubbe C.P. [MH 318] Montserrat K000566951 Yes
May 1, 2008 Hamilton, M.A., et al. [MH 306] Montserrat K000566950 Yes
May 9, 2005 Wood, J.R.I. [16460] Bolivia K000261581 Yes
Harmann [s.n.] India K000821371 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [3562] India K000821378 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] India K000821375 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [21] India K000821372 Unknown Type Material Yes
Dorr, L.J.; Barnett, L.C. [3258] Madagascar K000383233 Yes
Bon, R.P. [5643] Vietnam K001639233 Yes
Poilane, E. [22349] Vietnam K001639249 Yes
Tuyama, T. [4294] Palau K001635495 Yes
Wallich, N. [3562] India K000821377 Unknown Type Material Yes
Roxburgh, W. [s.n.] India K000821376 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [17] India K000821374 Unknown Type Material Yes
Harrison, S.G. [1788] Guyana K:SPC-14464.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K000800141 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K000800142 Unknown Type Material Yes
Roxburgh, R. [s.n.] India K000821370 Unknown Type Material Yes
Roxburgh, R. [s.n.] India K000821369 Unknown Type Material Yes
Vasconcelos, T.N.C. [296] Brazil K001265127 Yes
Worthington, T.B. [6407] Sri Lanka K000276778 No
Pennington, T.D.; Daza, A.; Ceijas, E. [17080] Peru K:SPC-73405.000 No
Roxburgh, W. [s.n.] India K000821373 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tso, C.L. [23006] China K000793873 Isotype Yes
Welch, J.R. [261] Tanzania K000684211 Yes
Mueller-Dombois, D.; Balakrishnan [68091108] Sri Lanka K000276779 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K000800143 Unknown Type Material Yes
Barthelat, F.; Roussin, C.; Ali Sifari, B.; M'Changama, M. [718] Mayotte Eugenia cumini K001001442 Yes
Barthelat, F.; Sémerie, L.; Ali Sifari, B.; M'Changama, M. [617] Mayotte Eugenia cumini K001001443 Yes
Thailand Eugenia jambolana K:SPC-65782.000 No
Ekman, E.L. [H3984] Haiti Eugenia odorata K001002606 Yes
Leonard, E.C.; Leonard, G.M. [15027] Haiti Eugenia odorata K001002607 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H10705] Haiti Eugenia odorata K001002604 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [8633] Haiti Eugenia odorata K001002605 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3562] Syzygium caryophyllifolium K001119726 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3562] Syzygium caryophyllifolium K001119730 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3562] Syzygium caryophyllifolium K001119725 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3562] Syzygium caryophyllifolium K001119729 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3562] Syzygium caryophyllifolium K001119728 Unknown Type Material Yes
Noton, E. [Cat. no. 3562] India Syzygium caryophyllifolium K001119727 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bruce, H. [Cat. no. 3559] Bangladesh Syzygium fruticosum K001119715 Unknown Type Material Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 3559] Syzygium fruticosum K001119714 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3559] Syzygium fruticosum K001119716 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3559] Syzygium fruticosum K001119712 Unknown Type Material Yes
Roxburgh, R. [s.n.] India Syzygium fruticosum K000821368 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3559] Syzygium fruticosum K001119713 Unknown Type Material Yes
Blinkworth, R. [Cat. no. 3560] India Syzygium jambolanum K001119719 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3560] Syzygium jambolanum K001119722 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3560] India Syzygium jambolanum K001119720 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3560] Syzygium jambolanum K001119717 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3560] Nepal Syzygium jambolanum K001119723 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3560] India Syzygium jambolanum K001119721 Unknown Type Material Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 3560] Syzygium jambolanum K001119718 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0