- Family:
- Lythraceae J.St.-Hil.
- Genus:
- Trapa L.
Trapa natans L.

[FTEA]
Trapaceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1953
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves with lamina often broader than long, 1.5–4.5 cm. long, 1.5–7 cm. wide, toothed in upper part, glabrous above, beneath varying from almost glabrous to densely hairy all over.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals about 4–7 mm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals obovate-oblong to obovate, about 8–16 mm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit very variably 2–4-horned.
- Distribution
- A very wide discontinuous range through Europe, Asia and Africa (north Africa to Natal)naturalized in northern America and Australiamore widespread in Tertiary times than to-day
[FZ]
Trapaceae, J. P. M. Brenan. Flora Zambesiaca 4. 1978
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves with lamina often broader than long, 1·5–5 cm. × 1·5–8 cm., toothed in upper part, glabrous above, beneath varying from almost glabrous to densely hairy all over.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals about 4–7 cm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals obovate-oblong to obovate, about 8–16 mm. long.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit very variably 2–4-horned.
Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Angola, Assam, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Buryatiya, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Central European Rus, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Congo, Czechoslovakia, East European Russia, France, Germany, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Hainan, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Malawi, Manchuria, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, North Caucasus, Northwest European R, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Primorye, Romania, South European Russi, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatera, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey-in-Europe, Uganda, Ukraine, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Extinct in:
Spain, Sweden
Introduced into:
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nansei-shoto, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Vermont, Virginia
- Trapa natans var. africana Brenan
- Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino
- Trapa natans var. japonica Nakai
- Trapa natans var. magnicorona (Z.T.Xiong) B.Y.Ding & X.F.Jin
- Trapa natans var. natans
- Trapa natans var. pseudincisa (Nakai) ined.
- Trapa natans var. quadricaudata (Glück) B.Y.Ding & X.F.Jin
- Trapa natans var. quadrispinosa (Roxb.) Makino
- English
- Devil-faced fruit, Water calthrop, Water chestnut, Water nut
Trapa natans L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun 1, 2013 | Niyomdham [5275], Thailand | K001045712 | No | ||
May 8, 1997 | Fiori, A. [471], Italy | K000742715 | neotype | Yes | |
Buckley, J.C., India | 16118.000 | No |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 120 (1753)
Accepted by
- Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
- Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 4: 1-657. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Ding, B. & Jin, X. (2020). Taxonomic notes on genus Trapa L. (Trapaceae) in China Guihaia 40: 1-15.
- Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2021). Flora of North America North of Mexico 10: 1-456. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
- Hadinec, J. & Lustyk, P. (2017). Additamenta ad floram Reipublicae Bohemicae. XV. Zprávy Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 52: 37-113.
- Jonsell, B. & Karlsson, T. (eds.) (2010). Flora Nordica 6: 1-298. The Bergius Foundaton.
- Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
- Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
- Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
- Ri?abinina, Z.N. & Kni?azev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
- Vladimirov, V., Dane, F. & Kit Tan (2010). New floristic records in the Balkans: 13 Phytologia Balcanica 16: 143-165.
- Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
- Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Brenan in F.T.E.A. Trapac. (1953).
- Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitteleuropa 5, 2: 884 (1925)
- Sp. Pl. 120 (1753)
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- Aedo, C. & al. (2014). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/njb.00575 epublication.
- Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
- Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
- Charkevicz, S.S. (ed.) (1995). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 7: 1-394. Nauka, Leningrad.
- Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 4: 1-657. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
- Ding, B. & Jin, X. (2020). Taxonomic notes on genus Trapa L. (Trapaceae) in China Guihaia 40: 1-15.
- Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2021). Flora of North America North of Mexico 10: 1-456. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
- Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of Japan IIc: 1-328. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
- Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
- Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
- Marhold, K. (ed.) (2012). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 13 Taxon 61: 889-902.
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1970-1995). Flora of West Pakistan 1-131.
- Peschkova, G.A. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 10: 1-314. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
- Ri?abinina, Z.N. & Kni?azev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
- Santisuk, T. & Balslev, H. (eds.) (2014). Flora of Thailand 11(4): 499-666. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
- Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1955-1958). Flora Malesiana 5: 1-595. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
- Vladimirov, V., Dane, F. & Kit Tan (2010). New floristic records in the Balkans: 13 Phytologia Balcanica 16: 143-165.
- Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
- Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleuropa 5 (2): 884 (1925).
- L., Sp. Pl. 120 (1753).
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