Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz

First published in Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 2: 467 (1769)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is NW. Africa, Europe to China. It is a rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Manchuria, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Qinghai, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Efimov, P. (2007). Genus Epipactis Zinn. (Orchidaceae) in the Russia. Turczaninowia 7(3): 8-42.
  • G.I.R.O.S. (2009). Orchidee d'Italia: 1-303. Il Castello srl, Italy.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-71827. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Kühn, R., Pedersen, H.Æ. & Cribb, v (2019). Field Guide to the Orchids of Europe and the Mediterranean: 1-430. Kew Publishing, England.
  • Lucksom, S.Z. (2007). The orchids of Sikkim and North East Himalaya: 1-984. S.Z.Lucksom, India.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Ormerod, P., Kurzweil, H. & Watthana, S. (2021). Annotated List of Orchidaceae for Myanmar. Phytotaxa 481: 1-262.
  • Raskoti, B.B. (2009). The Orchids of Nepal: 1-252. Bhakta Bahadur Raskoti and Rita Ale.
  • Taran, G.S., Silantieva, M.M. & Shibanova, A.A. (2007). Floristic records in floodplains of the Ob riber and its tributaries (Altai territory). Botanicheskii Zhurnal. Moscow & Leningrad 92: 1763-1768.
  • Vij, S.P., Verma, J. & Kumar, C.S. (2013). Orchids of Himachal Pradesh: 1-275. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.
  • Wu, Z. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2009). Flora of China 25: 1-570. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Chilton, L. (2010). Plant list for Lesvos, slightly revised 1998-2009: 1-36. Marengo, Hunstanton, England.
  • Ormerod, P., Kurzweil, H. & Watthana, S. (2021). Annotated List of Orchidaceae for Myanmar. Phytotaxa 481: 1-262.
  • Wu, Z. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2009). Flora of China 25: 1-570. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Atkinson, R. [1621], United Kingdom 10069.000 No
Summerhayes, V.S. [1629], United Kingdom 10070.000 No
Thomas, C., United Kingdom 10071.000 No
Sandwith, N.Y. [5225], Spain 10072.000 No
Tyrer, P.J., Ireland 10073.000 No
Tyner, P.J., United Kingdom 10074.000 No
Ryan, P.J., Ireland 10075.000 No
United Kingdom 10076.000 No
Stratton, B.M., United Kingdom 10077.000 No
Sayers, D. [10/40/18], Austria 10088.000 No
Sayers, D. [04/40/18], Austria 18561.000 No
Greenwood, M., United Kingdom 18562.000 No
United Kingdom 19426.000 No
Ross-Craig, S. [555], United Kingdom 19428.000 No
Shove, W.R., United Kingdom 19429.000 No
Maycock, R., United Kingdom 20713.000 No
Sandwith, N.Y. [4484], Spain 20948.000 No
Summerhayes, V.S. [1611], United Kingdom 20949.000 No
Burtt, B.L., United Kingdom 20950.000 No
Milne-Redhead, E. [1577], United Kingdom 21113.000 No
Sandwith, N.Y. [6230], Spain 24834.000 No
Adams, L.G. [273], United Kingdom 28247.000 No
Milne-Redhead, E., United Kingdom 28415.000 No
Verdcourt, B. [4636], France 31857.000 No
Barneby, T.P., France 32101.000 No
Verdcourt, B. [4716], France 32574.000 No
Pike, C.J.H., United Kingdom 32919.000 No
Verdcourt, B. [4826], France 33602.000 No
Collins, P.B. [74/0035d], Denmark 41286.000 No
Collins, P.B. [74/0035c], Denmark 41287.000 No
Collins, P.B. [74/0035a], Denmark 41288.000 No
Collins, P.B. [74/0036], Denmark 41290.000 No
Clements, M.A. [2769], Greece 48198.000 No
Sweden 50599.000 No
Sweden 50601.000 No
Sweden 50602.000 No
United Kingdom 52873.000 No
Cribb, P., China 56694.000 No
United Kingdom 6049.143 No
Sprague, T.A., United Kingdom 9515.000 No
Milne-Redhead, E. [1575], United Kingdom 9516.000 No
Maude, A.H., United Kingdom 9517.000 No
Maude, A.H., United Kingdom 9518.000 No
Miller, K.B.N., United Kingdom 9519.000 No
Milne-Redhead, E. [2302], Austria 9520.000 No
Ross-Craig, S. [921], Ireland 9521.000 No
Ross-Craig, S. [933], Ireland 9522.000 No
Milne-Redhead, E., United Kingdom 9523.000 No
Sealy, J.R. [1068], United Kingdom 9524.000 No
McLeish, I. [51], United Kingdom 62368.000 No
MFF [MFF 413] 70406.000 No
United Kingdom 71642.000 No
Chase, M.W. [83164], USA 75242.000 No

Sources

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images