Eulophia maculata (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44392733/44514773

Conservation

LC - least concern

Orchidaceae, I. la Croix & P.J. Cribb. Flora Zambesiaca 11:2. 1998

Morphology General Habit

Glabrous, terrestrial herb 20–40 cm high; roots stout, c. 4 mm in diameter.

Vegetative Multiplication Pseudobulbs

Pseudobulbs 2–4 × 1.5–2 cm, ovoid, oblong or cylindrical, covered when young with pale brown imbricate cataphylls, 1-leafed.

Morphology Leaves

Leaf with a petiole 1–2 cm long, articulated ± at the base; lamina 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, conduplicate towards the base, coriaceous, grey-green mottled with dark green.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence erect, simple or with 1–2 short branches, fairly laxly 10–20-flowered.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Pedicel and Ovary

Pedicel and ovary 10–12 mm long.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts

Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, up to 20 mm long at base of the inflorescence.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth

Sepals and petals greenish-white, greenish-pink or straw-coloured; lip white with 2 purple-red blotches at the base of the mid-lobe; side lobes purple-veined.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx

Sepals 7–13 × 2–3.2 mm, linear-ligulate or narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, the dorsal sepal erect, the lateral sepals deflexed.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla

Petals 8.5–11 × 2–4.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, oblique, obtuse.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Labellum

Lip 7–9 mm long, 3-lobed; side lobes erect; mid-lobe 3.5–4.2 mm long, 6–10 mm wide, broadly obovate or reniform, emarginate; disk with 2 approximate, divergent, glabrous basal keels; spur 4–5 mm long, stout, straight, bulbous at tip.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Column

Column 4–5 mm long, 2 mm wide, oblique at base or with a short foot.

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Naturalizada en Colombia; Alt. 500 - 1200 m.; Andes.

Morphology General Habit

Hierba, epífita

Conservation

No Evaluada

General Description

Glabrous, terrestrial herb 20–40 cm high; roots stout, c. 4 mm in diameter.Pseudobulbs 2–4 × 1.5–2 cm, ovoid, oblong or cylindrical, covered when young with pale brown imbricate cataphylls, 1-leafed.Leaf with a petiole 1–2 cm long, articulated ± at the base; lamina 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, conduplicate towards the base, coriaceous, grey-green mottled with dark green.Inflorescence erect, simple or with 1–2 short branches, fairly laxly 10–20-flowered.Pedicel and ovary 10–12 mm long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, up to 20 mm long at base of the inflorescence.Sepals and petals greenish-white, greenish-pink or straw-coloured; lip white with 2 purple-red blotches at the base of the mid-lobe; side lobes purple-veined.Sepals 7–13 × 2–3.2 mm, linear-ligulate or narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, the dorsal sepal erect, the lateral sepals deflexed.Petals 8.5–11 × 2–4.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, oblique, obtuse.Lip 7–9 mm long, 3-lobed; side lobes erect; mid-lobe 3.5–4.2 mm long, 6–10 mm wide, broadly obovate or reniform, emarginate; disk with 2 approximate, divergent, glabrous basal keels; spur 4–5 mm long, stout, straight, bulbous at tip.Column 4–5 mm long, 2 mm wide, oblique at base or with a short foot.

A terrestrial or epiphytic herb (16–)28–30(–40) cm. high, entirely glabrous; roots stout, verruculose. Pseudobulbs congested, ovoid, ovoid-oblong or stout and cylindrical, (2–)2.5–4 cm. long, 1-leaved, concealed and exceeded by several pale brown, ovate-elliptic, acute, imbricate, evanescent cataphylls. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, acute, duplicate, particularly towards base; lamina (10–)15–28(–40) cm. long, 2.5–4.5(–6) cm. broad, with the median nerve prominent on lower surface, greyish green, with darker green transverse, irregular banding or mottling; petiole 1–8 cm., regularly articulate. Inflorescence simple or with 1 or 2 short branches, 5–12(–20) cm. long, 3–4 cm. broad, erect, lax, 6–12(–20)-flowered, sometimes branched at base; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, lowermost to 17 mm. long, uppermost to 4 mm. long. Flowers porrect; sepals and petals translucent greenish white or pinkish green, sometimes straw-coloured; lip greenish white or cream with rose-pink nerves on the side lobes and 2 rose-pink blotches at the base of the mid-lobe; calli white; spur greenish white, flushed rose-pink or brownish green; column cream; pedicel and ovary slender, 10–13(–15) mm. long. Dorsal sepal linear-ligulate or linear-elliptic, obtuse to acute, 3-nerved, incurved, (8–)10–12(–13) mm. long, 2–3.2 mm. broad; lateral sepals linear-ligulate or narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, falcate, obtuse to acute, 3-nerved, (6–)7.5–9(–11) mm. long, 2–3.3(–4.6) mm. broad. Petals oblong-elliptic, oblique, acute, 3-nerved, broader than sepals, (8.3–)10–11.2 mm. long, (2–)3.3–4.6 mm. broad. Lip projected forwards, articulated at the base, distinctly 3-lobed, subquadrate in outline, glabrous, 7–9 mm. long; mid-lobe broadly obovate or reniform, abruptly and shortly clawed at the base, lobulate, retuse or ± truncate, longer than side lobes, 3.5–4.2 mm. long, (6–)7–8(–10) mm. broad; side lobes semiobovate, rounded, not saccate at the base, erect, somewhat incurved, nerves not prominent, shorter than mid-lobe; disc with 2 approximate, obliquely semiobovate, divergent basal keels, glabrous; spur short, stout, oblong-clavate, rounded, straight, 4–5 mm. long. Column erect, oblong, oblique at base or with a short foot, 4–5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; anther oblong, ± 2.2 mm. long.

Habitat

Amongst leaf-mould in shade in rain-forest, rocky scrub near the sea, shady river banks or epiphytic on savannah trees; 0–1200 m.

In leaf litter in shade of riverine forest or woodland, rarely a low-level epiphyte

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation

Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident

Distribution

Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 500–1200 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Magdalena, Norte de Santander.

Habit

Herb, Epiphyte.

Conservation

IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC. Listed in Appendix II of CITES.

Ecology

Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.

George R. Proctor (2012). Flora of the Cayman Isands (Second Edition). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Morphology General Habit

Plants terrestrial, caespitose herbs with fleshy, white roots and slightly compressed, unifoliate, ovoid pseudobulbs to 4.0 cm tall

Morphology Leaves

Leaves subpetiolate, blade green with darker mottling, conduplicate, coriaceous, subsucculent, oblong to elliptical, 8–25 cm long, 1.5–5.0 cm wide

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence lateral, erect, sparsely bracteate, peduncle to 30 cm, racemose or rarely paniculate, 5–15-flowered, produced sucessively.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Flowers with straw- colored sepals and petals; sepals 8–14 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, dorsal sepal lanceolate to linear-elliptic, acute, lateral sepals linear-elliptic, falcate, acute; petals connivent with the dorsal sepal, elliptic-oblanceolate, 8–14 mm long, 3–4 mm wide; lip white with two lateral pink blotches extending to the base of the midlobe, trilobed, concave, basally produced into a conspicuous, recurved spur, continuous with a short column foot, lateral lobes erect, the median lobe subquadrate, emarginate, disc with two subtriangular lamellae at the base, the spur ca. 4 mm long, slightly bilobed at the apex

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Column

Column semiterete, 4–5 mm long

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Pollinia

Pollinia yellow, attached to a short stipe with a broad viscidium

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Capsules 2–3 cm long.

Distribution

Grand CaymanFlorida, Bahamas, Greater and Lesser Antilles, Mexico south through C. America and tropical S. America, also widespread in tropical Africa.

Ecology

Plants show considerable ecological amplitude growing in wet to dry forests. In the past forty years, Oeceoclades maculata has been rapidly spreading throughout the neotropics.