Eulophia orthoplectra (Rchb.f.) Summerh.

First published in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 499 (1939)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical Africa. It is a pseudobulbous geophyte and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Descriptions

General Description

A terrestrial herb 60–100 cm. tall. Perennating organs underground, tuberous, irregularly ovoid-fusiform, flattened dorso-ventrally, 3.5–6 cm. long, 2–5 cm. diameter, up to 1 cm. apart on short rhizome; roots 3 mm. diameter, white. Leaves 2–4, fleshy, linear, acute, 18–50 cm. long, 0.7–2 cm. wide. Inflorescence laxly 6–20-flowered, produced before leaves; peduncle with 4–6 sheaths, 2–3 basal ones sheathing, upper lanceolate, spreading; rhachis 9–20 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 8–12 cm. long. Flowers with red-brown sepals; petals yellow, red-brown within and red-veined; lip yellow with red-veined side lobes and a brown spur; pedicel and ovary 10–13 mm. long. Dorsal sepal reflexed, oblanceolate, apiculate, 8.5–12.5 mm. long, 3.8–6.3 mm. wide; lateral sepals similar. Petals elliptic-subcircular or elliptic-ovate, apiculate, 12–17.5 mm. long, 13–19 mm. wide. Lip 3-lobed, difficult to flatten, 11–15 mm. long; side lobes erect, rounded; mid-lobe convex, elliptic-obovate, obtuse or apiculate; callus of 5 fleshy rugulose ridges; spur deflexed or straight, conical-cylindrical with a broad mouth, 13–16 mm. long. Column 7–8 mm. long. Fruit pendent Fig. 108/13–22.

Terrestrial herb 26–100 cm high, flowering when leafless.Perennating organs subterranean, tuberous, asymmetrical, 3–6 × 2–5 cm, forming a chain.Leaves 2–4, 18–50 × 0.7–2 cm, linear, fleshy.Inflorescence laxly 6- to c. 20-flowered; scape purplish, with several sheaths.Pedicel and ovary 10–20 mm long, purple, arched; bracts 8–13 mm long, linear, acuminate, purple.Sepals purple-brown; petals yellow, the inside flushed with red-brown and heavily veined with red; lip yellow, the side lobes veined with red; spur red-brown.Sepals 8–13.5 × 4–6 mm, oblanceolate, apiculate.Petals 13–19 × 12–19 mm, suborbicular to elliptic-ovate, apiculate, held horizontally.Lip 16–26 mm long, hard to flatten, 3-lobed, side lobes erect, joined to base of column; mid-lobe 8.5–12.5 × 7–9 mm, with a callus of 5 fleshy ridges, convex, elliptic-obovate, obtuse or apiculate.Spur 6–9 mm long, (13–16 mm long to apex of ovary), conical-cylindrical from a wide mouth, horizontal or somewhat deflexed.Column 7–8 mm long.

Habitat

Brachystegia and mixed deciduous woodlands, dambo and open grassland, in dry bush, flowering before the rains

In grassland, wooded grassland, swamp and Brachystegia woodland; 1100–2100 m.

[E-EM]

Orchidaceae, V. S. Summerhayes. Flora of West Tropical Africa 3:1. 1968

Morphology Leaves
Leaves broad and flat, appearing after the flowers
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers yellow, petals with red veins or almost entirely red beneath.
[FWTA]

Orchidaceae, I. la Croix & P.J. Cribb. Flora Zambesiaca 11:2. 1998

Morphology General Habit
Terrestrial herb 26–100 cm high, flowering when leafless.
Vegetative Multiplication Tubers
Perennating organs subterranean, tuberous, asymmetrical, 3–6 × 2–5 cm, forming a chain.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves 2–4, 18–50 × 0.7–2 cm, linear, fleshy.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence laxly 6- to c. 20-flowered; scape purplish, with several sheaths.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Pedicel and Ovary
Pedicel and ovary 10–20 mm long, purple, arched.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts
Bracts 8–13 mm long, linear, acuminate, purple.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
Sepals purple-brown; petals yellow, the inside flushed with red-brown and heavily veined with red; lip yellow, the side lobes veined with red; spur red-brown.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals 8–13.5 × 4–6 mm, oblanceolate, apiculate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals 13–19 × 12–19 mm, suborbicular to elliptic-ovate, apiculate, held horizontally.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Labellum
Lip 16–26 mm long, hard to flatten, 3-lobed, side lobes erect, joined to base of column; mid-lobe 8.5–12.5 × 7–9 mm, with a callus of 5 fleshy ridges, convex, elliptic-obovate, obtuse or apiculate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Spur
Spur 6–9 mm long, (13–16 mm long to apex of ovary), conical-cylindrical from a wide mouth, horizontal or somewhat deflexed.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Column
Column 7–8 mm long.
[FZ]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

Orchidaceae, V. S. Summerhayes. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1968

Morphology General Habit
A terrestrial herb 60–100 cm. tall.
Vegetative Multiplication Tubers
Perennating organs underground, tuberous, irregularly ovoid-fusiform, flattened dorso-ventrally, 3.5–6 cm. long, 2–5 cm. diameter, up to 1 cm. apart on short rhizome; roots 3 mm. diameter, white.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves 2–4, fleshy, linear, acute, 18–50 cm. long, 0.7–2 cm. wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence laxly 6–20-flowered, produced before leaves; peduncle with 4–6 sheaths, 2–3 basal ones sheathing, upper lanceolate, spreading; rhachis 9–20 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 8–12 cm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers with red-brown sepals; petals yellow, red-brown within and red-veined; lip yellow with red-veined side lobes and a brown spur; pedicel and ovary 10–13 mm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Dorsal sepal reflexed, oblanceolate, apiculate, 8.5–12.5 mm. long, 3.8–6.3 mm. wide; lateral sepals similar.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals elliptic-subcircular or elliptic-ovate, apiculate, 12–17.5 mm. long, 13–19 mm. wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Labellum
Lip 3-lobed, difficult to flatten, 11–15 mm. long; side lobes erect, rounded; mid-lobe convex, elliptic-obovate, obtuse or apiculate; callus of 5 fleshy rugulose ridges.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Spur
Spur deflexed or straight, conical-cylindrical with a broad mouth, 13–16 mm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Column
Column 7–8 mm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit pendent.
Figures
Fig. 108/13–22.
Habitat
In grassland, wooded grassland, swamp and Brachystegia woodland; 1100–2100 m.
Distribution
Nigeria and Cameroon to Sudan and Ethiopia, Zaire, Rwanda, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe K3 K5 T1 T2 T4 T7 T8 U1 U2 U3 U4
[FTEA]

General Description

Grande plante terrestre; racines blanches, de 4-5 mm. diam.; pseudobulbes fusiformes, allongés (12-16 x 1,2-1,5 cm.), entourés de gaines fibreuses plus ou moins détruites, à 2-3 feuilles persistantes, le florigère développé à la floraison. Feuilles longuement (12-20 cm.) pétiolées, à limbe lancéolé, très grand (40-70 x 3-6 cm. et plus), assez mince. Hampe de 60 cm. à 1 m.; pédoncule plus de 2 fois plus long que la grappe, portant 7-8 gaines minces, apprimées et très aiguës; grappe de 16-20 cm., lâche; bractées plus ou moins étroites, minces, réfléchies, persistantes, égalant du quart au 3/4 de l'ovaire pédicellé; fleurs vert jaunâtre avec des linéoles rouges sur les pétales et le labelle, dont le palais est jaune orange. Sépales lancéolés-aigus (11 x 3 mm.), les latéraux un peu plus étroits et un peu courbés en faux. Pétales oblongs (9 X 4 mm.), à plus grande largeur au-dessus du milieu, atténués de ce point ver la base, aigus. Labelle plus large que haut (6-7 x 12-15 mm.), 4-lobé mais à lobes inférieurs marginaux, obsolètes, verticaux, à 5 raies rouges parfois bifurquées; lobes antérieurs très divariqués, à lame largement obovale-spatulée (8 X 8 mm.), émarginée au sommet; palais orné d'un callus profondément bifide (ou de 2 callus réunis par leurs bases), hauts de 2 mm. et en avant d'une crête de 2 ou plusieurs tubercules; éperon très court, aussi large que haut, sillonné au milieu. Colonne de 4-5 mm.; bord postérieur du clinandre en triangle large et obtus; auricules effacées. Ovaire (et pédicelle) de 2-3 cm. de long.

Habitat

Forêt des régions chaudes et humides, entre 0 et 1,000 m. d'alt. Espèce un peu variable quant aux bractées plus ou moins étroites ou allongées et aux callosités du labelle, la crête antérieure pouvant être remplacée soit par 2 petits callus, soit par 2 ou 3 carénules.

Distribution

Assez commun. Est: Fort-Dauphin, Scott Elliot 2545; confluent de l’Onivé et du Mangoro, Perrier 17571: bassin moyen du Mangoro, Perrier 18469 et 16912; mont Ambohitantely, près d'Anivorano, Perrier 15951. Centre: massif de Manongarivo, versant du Sambirano, vers 1,000 m. d'alt., Perrier 1856; forêt d’Analamazoatra, Perrier 11875; montagne d'Ambre, Perrier 18455. Sambirano; Nossi-Bé, Boivin, Pervillé. Comores: forêt de Combani, Humblot 1449 (449). Mascareignes.

[E-EM]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: low confidence
[AERP]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Eulophiinae: e-monocot.org

    • All Rights Reserved
  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0