Amaryllidaceae
Galanthus

Galanthus nivalis L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 288 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Pyrenees to Ukraine. It is a bulbous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia-Slovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine

Introduced into:

Belgium, Great Britain, Ireland, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Netherlands, New Brunswick, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Norway, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Sweden, Utah, Virginia, Washington

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Diev, M.M. (2014). Galyantusy: 1-167. K.M.K., Moskva.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Rico, E. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora Iberica 20: 1-651. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.

Kew Species Profiles

  • Sampled Red List Index Conservation Assessment for Galanthus nivalis. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
  • Bishop, M., Davis, A. P. & Grimshaw, J. (2006). Snowdrops: A Monograph of Cultivated Galanthus. Griffin Press, Cheltenham.
  • Davis, A. P. (1999). The Genus Galanthus. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in association with Timber Press, Oregon.
  • Heinrich, M. & Teoh, H. L. (2004). Galanthamine from snowdrop – the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. J. Ethnopharmacol. 92: 147-162.
  • Sanderson, H. & Prendergast, H. D. V. (2002). Commercial uses of wild and traditionally managed plants in England and Scotland. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Feb 10, 2023 Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Mian, S. [MC9474] United Kingdom K001527301 Yes
Aug 1, 2008 Huet, A. [1854] France K000464069 Unknown Type Material Yes
Aug 1, 2008 s.coll. [62] France K000457120 Yes
Mar 1, 1882 Grecescu, D. [s.n.] Romania K000457108 No
Mar 1, 1882 Grecescu, D. [s.n.] Romania K000457107 No
Mar 1, 1882 Grecescu, D. [s.n.] Romania K000457106 No
Jun 2, 1851 Coqueray, J. [80] France K000457121 Yes
Jun 2, 1851 Coqueray, J. [s.n.] France K000457118 No
Edi[illegible] [S.no] Russia K001770239 Yes
S.coll [S.no] Germany K002461564 Yes
Leyland, R. [S.no] United Kingdom K002461577 Yes
[illegible]ooker, D. [S.no] United Kingdom K001770238 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K001770220 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K002461802 Yes
Schola H.P. [s.n.] France K001790165 Yes
Porta, P.; Rigo, G. [s.n.] Austria K002461537 No
Pennington, R.V. [3] Albania K000457164 No
Hill, A.W.; Sandwith, N.Y.; Turrill, W.B. [2526] Greece K000457149 No
Meline, C. [s.n.] France K000457138 No
Margittai, A. [s.n.] Ukraine K000457103 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K000457145 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Switzerland K000457113 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K000457115 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457125 No
Joad, G.C. [564] Poland K000457093 No
Nowak, J. [s.n.] Poland K000457166 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461649 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Belgium K000457111 No
Nutt, R. [s.n.] K002461653 Yes
Jarris, P. [s.n.] France K000457131 No
Goulimy, C.N. [10] Greece K000457150 No
K:SPC-73303.000 No
Nutt, R. [s.n.] K002461650 Yes
Gilliat-Smith, B. [409] Bulgaria K000457165 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457137 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461652 Yes
Gerard, C. [s.n.] France K000457129 No
Dostal, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K000457146 No
Zinger, N. [s.n.] Ukraine K000457092 No
Stern, F. [S.no] K001691308 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K001691307 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K002461796 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K001770226 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] K002461795 Yes
Rakoose [S.no] Croatia K001770240 Yes
Jarris, P. [s.n.] France K000457141 No
Vitek, E. [99-01] Austria K002461534 No
Maillard, A. [s.n.] France K000457136 No
Fiori, A.; Beguinot, A.; Pampanini, R. [s.n.] Italy K000457143 No
s.coll. [564] Poland K000457094 No
Marr, A.J. [136] Italy K:SPC-73718.000 No
Vollmann [1433] Germany K000457095 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457124 No
Pichler [s.n.] Italy K000457152 No
Favrat, L.; Barbey, W. [s.n.] Switzerland K000457097 No
Billiet, P. [s.n.] France K000457127 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461685 Yes
Hepp, E. [1433] Germany K000457096 No
Hyett, F. [H480] K002461651 Yes
Bell, D. [1761] United Kingdom K001873051 No
Bell, D [1760] United Kingdom K001873052 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461532 No
Volak, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K000457104 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461535 No
Pop, I. [s.n.] Romania K000457105 No
Huet, A. [s.n.] France K000457132 No
K:SPC-70434.000 No
Gerard, C. [s.n.] France K000457140 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000457162 No
Buysson Du [s.n.] France K000457130 No
Unverricht, C. [s.n.] Poland K000457110 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457133 No
Mathew, B.; Tomlinson, A.J. [4032] Serbia K000457159 No
Ahlberg, F. [s.n.] K002461536 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Bulgaria K000457163 No
Whitehead, M.J. [15] Italy K000457167 No
Joad, G.C. [s.n.] Italy K000457277 No
Picquet, C. [s.n.] Belgium K000457112 No
Horton, S.V. [853] Greece K000457147 No
Cope, T.A. [RBG 23] United Kingdom K000914590 Yes
Martindale, G.E. [7] Croatia K000457156 No
Pichler [s.n.] Italy K000457154 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461533 No
Durand-Duquesney [s.n.] France K000457134 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457123 No
SY Hu [19860] K002461648 Yes
Reverchon, E. [s.n.] France K000457128 No
Tommasini, M. [s.n.] Italy K000457153 No
Bouvet, G. [s.n.] France K000457139 No
Maly [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000457160 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy K000457116 No
Savostjaniv, A. [33] Ukraine K000457091 No
Daville [s.n.] France K000457135 No
Feuz [17] Austria K000457099 No
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom K000457507 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461655 Yes
K:SPC-64350.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] France K000457122 Yes
Vayreda [s.n.] Spain K000457117 No
Mathew, B. [7529] Montenegro K000457155 No
Nutt, R. [s.n.] K002461654 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Ukraine K000457090 No
Maly [s.n.] Bosnia and Herzegovina K000457161 No
Fiori, A.; Beguinot, A. [s.n.] Italy K000457144 No
Ball, J. [s.n.] United Kingdom K000457506 No
Davis, A. K:SPC-70348.000 No
Blonski, F. [s.n.] Poland K000457109 No
Martindale, G.E. [7] Croatia K000457157 No
Marr, A.J. [75] Montenegro K000457158 No
Otruba, J. [s.n.] Czech Republic K000457102 No
s.coll. [99911] Austria K000457101 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457114 No
Billiet, P. [s.n.] France K000457126 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Austria K000457100 No
Bornet [s.n.] France K000457119 No
s.coll. [s.n.] K002461695 Yes
Meline, C. [s.n.] France K000457142 No
Porta; Rigo [s.n.] Italy K000457151 No
Hill, A.W.; Sandwith, N.Y.; Turrill, W.B. [2526] Greece K000457148 No
Thomas [s.n.] Switzerland K000457098 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii K002461684 Yes
Nutt, R.D. [s.n.] Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii K002461678 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii K002461677 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii K002461682 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii K002461683 Yes
Nutt, R.D. [s.n.] Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii K002461679 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] Galanthus imperati K001613487 Yes
Galanthus imperati K002461665 Yes
[illegible] [s.n.] Galanthus imperati K001613488 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] Galanthus imperati K001691305 Yes
[illegible]llacombe [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K002461681 Yes
[illegible]llacombe [479] Galanthus scharlokii K001770218 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K002461783 Yes
Stern, F. [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K001770237 Yes
Royal Horticulture Society [S.no] Galanthus scharlokii K002461680 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0