Borassus aethiopum Mart.

Native to:

Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Trinidad-Tobago

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
• Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
• Bayton, R.P. (2007). A revision of Borassus L. (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin 62: 561-586.
• Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 3: 1-89. ORSTOM, Bangui.
• Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
• Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
• Couvreur, T.L.P. & Sunderland, T.C.H. (2022). Flore du Cameroun 44: 1-138. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique (Mesres), Yaoundé.
• Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
• Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.
• Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
• Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
• Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
• Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
• Timberlake, J.R. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2010). Flora Zambesiaca 13(2): 1-83. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Bulletin

• Aké Assi, L. & Guinko, S. (1996). Confusion de deux taxons spécifiques ou subspécifiques au sein du genre Borassus en Afrique de l'Ouest. In: L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy (eds), The biodiversity of African plants: proceedings XlVth AETFAT congress, pp. 773 - 779. Kluwer Academic, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
• Arbonnier, M. (2002). Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique de l'Ouest, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
• Bayton, R. P. (2005). Borassus L. & the Borassoid Palms: systematics & evolution. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading, U.K.
• Beccari, O. (1914). Studio sui Borassus e descrizione di un genere nuovo asiatico di Borasseae. Webbia 4: 293 - 385.
• Beccari, O. (1924). Palme della Tribù Borasseae. (ed. U. Martelli). G. Passeri, Florence, Italy.
• Bekele-Tesemma, A., Birnie, A. & Tengnäs, B. (1993). Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Regional Soil Conservation Unit & Swedish International Development Authority, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Coates Palgrave, K. (2002). Trees of southern Africa, Ed. 3 (revised by M. Coates Palgrave). Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
• Dransfield, J. (1976). Palm sugar in East Madura. Principes 20: 83 - 90.
• Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J. M. (1936). Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, U.K.
• Kunth, C. S. (1841). Enumeratio Plantarum, Vol. 3. J.G. Collae, Stuttgart & Tubingen, Germany.
• Martius, C. F. P. von (1838). Historia Naturalis Palmarum, Vol. 3. T.O. Weigel, Leipzig, Germany.
• Tuley, P. (1995). The Palms of Africa, Trendine Press, St. Ives, U.K.
• — & — (2003). Neighbourhood analysis in the savanna palm Borassus aethiopum: interplay of intraspecific competition and soil patchiness. J. Veg. Sei. 14: 79 - 88.
• —, Ouédraogo, A. & Guinko, S. (2006). The genus Borassus L. (Arecaceae) in West Africa, with a description of a new species from Burkina Faso. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 150: 419 - 427.

Palmweb - Palms of the World Online

• R.P. Bayton, A revision of Borassus L. (Arecaceae). 2007

Flora of West Tropical Africa

• Beccari in Palme Borass. 8 (1924).
• Beccari in Webbia 4: 325 (1914)
• Münch. Gel. Anzeig. 46 (1839)
• Münch. Gel. Anzeig. 639 (1838)
• in Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 220, tt. 108, 121, 162

Kew Backbone Distributions

• Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
• Bayton, R.P. (2007). A revision of Borassus L. (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin 62: 561-586.
• Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
• Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
• Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
• Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
• Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
• Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

• Becc. in Webbia 4: 325 (1914)
• Becc., Palme Borass.: 6 (1924).
• Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 11 (1961).
• F. W. Andr., The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 302 (1956).
• J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 397 (1949).
• Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3, ed. 1: 221 (1838)
• Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3, ed. 2: 220 (1845).
• T.A. Russell in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 168 (1968).
• W.J. Eggeling, Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate, ed. 2: 291, photo. 46 (1952).