Arecaceae
Borassus

Borassus aethiopum Mart.

First published in Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 221 (1838)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa, Comoros, NW. Madagascar. It is a tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Trinidad-Tobago

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Bayton, R.P. (2007). A revision of Borassus L. (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin 62: 561-586.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 3: 1-89. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Couvreur, T.L.P. & Sunderland, T.C.H. (2022). Flore du Cameroun 44: 1-138. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique (Mesres), Yaoundé.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Timberlake, J.R. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2010). Flora Zambesiaca 13(2): 1-83. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Bulletin

  • Aké Assi, L. & Guinko, S. (1996). Confusion de deux taxons spécifiques ou subspécifiques au sein du genre Borassus en Afrique de l'Ouest. In: L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy (eds), The biodiversity of African plants: proceedings XlVth AETFAT congress, pp. 773 - 779. Kluwer Academic, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
  • Arbonnier, M. (2002). Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique de l'Ouest, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
  • Bayton, R. P. (2005). Borassus L. & the Borassoid Palms: systematics & evolution. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading, U.K.
  • Beccari, O. (1914). Studio sui Borassus e descrizione di un genere nuovo asiatico di Borasseae. Webbia 4: 293 - 385.
  • Beccari, O. (1924). Palme della Tribù Borasseae. (ed. U. Martelli). G. Passeri, Florence, Italy.
  • Bekele-Tesemma, A., Birnie, A. & Tengnäs, B. (1993). Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Regional Soil Conservation Unit & Swedish International Development Authority, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Coates Palgrave, K. (2002). Trees of southern Africa, Ed. 3 (revised by M. Coates Palgrave). Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Dransfield, J. (1976). Palm sugar in East Madura. Principes 20: 83 - 90.
  • Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J. M. (1936). Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, U.K.
  • Kunth, C. S. (1841). Enumeratio Plantarum, Vol. 3. J.G. Collae, Stuttgart & Tubingen, Germany.
  • Martius, C. F. P. von (1838). Historia Naturalis Palmarum, Vol. 3. T.O. Weigel, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Tuley, P. (1995). The Palms of Africa, Trendine Press, St. Ives, U.K.
  • — & — (2003). Neighbourhood analysis in the savanna palm Borassus aethiopum: interplay of intraspecific competition and soil patchiness. J. Veg. Sei. 14: 79 - 88.
  • —, Ouédraogo, A. & Guinko, S. (2006). The genus Borassus L. (Arecaceae) in West Africa, with a description of a new species from Burkina Faso. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 150: 419 - 427.

Palmweb - Palms of the World Online

  • R.P. Bayton, A revision of Borassus L. (Arecaceae). 2007

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Beccari in Palme Borass. 8 (1924).
  • Beccari in Webbia 4: 325 (1914)
  • Münch. Gel. Anzeig. 46 (1839)
  • Münch. Gel. Anzeig. 639 (1838)
  • in Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 220, tt. 108, 121, 162

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Bayton, R.P. (2007). A revision of Borassus L. (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin 62: 561-586.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Becc. in Webbia 4: 325 (1914)
  • Becc., Palme Borass.: 6 (1924).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 11 (1961).
  • F. W. Andr., The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 302 (1956).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 397 (1949).
  • Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3, ed. 1: 221 (1838)
  • Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3, ed. 2: 220 (1845).
  • T.A. Russell in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 168 (1968).
  • W.J. Eggeling, Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate, ed. 2: 291, photo. 46 (1952).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Apr 1, 2012 Cheek, M.; Molmou, D.; Weech, M.H.; Kpowalamou, L. [15934] K000707138 No
Mar 31, 2004 Bayton, R.P.; AmadÚ OuÚdraogo [59] Burkina Faso K000525110 No
Mar 31, 2004 Bayton, R.P.; AmadÚ OuÚdraogo [63] Burkina Faso K000525111 No
Mar 31, 2004 Bayton, R.P.; AmadÚ OuÚdraogo [61] Burkina Faso K000525106 No
Mar 31, 2004 Bayton, R.P.; AmadÚ OuÚdraogo [58] Burkina Faso K000525109 No
Mar 31, 2004 Bayton, R.P.; AmadÚ OuÚdraogo [60] Burkina Faso K000525107 No
Mar 31, 2004 Bayton, R.P.; AmadÚ OuÚdraogo [62] Burkina Faso K000525108 No
Oct 21, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [33] Kenya K000525118 No
Oct 21, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [32] Kenya K000525119 No
Oct 15, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [14] Kenya K000525115 No
Oct 15, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [15] Kenya K000462251 No
Oct 15, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [16] Kenya K000525117 No
Oct 15, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [15] Kenya K000462250 No
Oct 10, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [2] Kenya K000525116 No
Oct 10, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [1] Kenya K000525114 No
Oct 10, 2002 Bayton, R.P.; Caleb Obunyali [1] Kenya K000525113 No
New Collector [s.n.] Madagascar K001098748 No
Anonymous [s.n.] Unknown K001098633 No
Wickens, G.E. [3704] Sudan K:SPC-29047.392 No
Wickens, G.E. [3704] Sudan K:SPC-29047.393 No
Dransfield, J. [4812] Kenya K000667843 No
Greenway, P.J. [1417] Tanzania K001098719 No
Pawek, J. [13220] Malawi K001098720 No
Burtt, B.D. [1659] Tanzania K001098636 No
Dransfield, J. [4818] Tanzania K001098635 No
Juley, P. [s.n.] Nigeria K001098628 No
Fay, J.M. [s.n.] Central African Republic K001098630 No
Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Host, P.; Dessalegn Desissa; Kebede, S. [7270] Ethiopia K000525112 No
Leeuwenberg [4242] K001098631 No
Greenway, P.J. [1414] Tanzania K001098637 No
Chipp [773] Ghana K001098629 No
Apr 16, 2003 Bayton, R.P.; Ranaivojaona, R. [55] Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K000300224 Type Yes
Apr 16, 2003 Bayton, R.P.; Rolland Ranaivojaona [53] Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K000525120 No
Apr 16, 2003 Bayton, R.P.; Rolland Ranaivojaona [57] Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K000300220 No
Jan 1, 1995 Beentje, H.J.; Andriampaniry, H.R. [4708] Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K000300219 No
Jan 1, 1995 Schatz, G.E.; et al. [2415] Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K000300223 No
Jan 1, 1995 Beentje, H.J.; Andriampaniry, H.R. [4707] Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K000300218 No
Madagascar Borassus sambiranensis K:SPC-55692.000 No

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Bulletin

    • Kew Bulletin
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Palmweb - Palms of the World Online

    • Palmweb 2011. Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. Published on the internet http://www.palmweb.org. Accessed on 21/04/2013
    • Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0