Arecaceae
Chrysalidocarpus

Chrysalidocarpus arenarum Jum.

First published in Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 3, 10(3): 17 (1922)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is ENE. Madagascar. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Descriptions

Conservation
Critical. The distribution area is small, the numbers of this species are thought to be very low, and the vegetation type is threatened by development and fires.
General Description
Clustering palm in tufts of c. 5. STEMS 5-6 m tall, 6.5 cm diam.; internodes 6-8 cm; bark dark green, on older trunks brown; wood quite hard, slightly pinkish, moist. LEAVES c. 10 in the crown, porrect, slightly arched distally, with opposite leaflets at an angle of 90° with each other; sheath 20-47 cm, whitish green to pale yel-low-brown abaxially and distally with wax and scattered reddish scales, reddish brown and glabrous adaxially, turning into the petiole after a small sharp bend but without obvious ligules; petiole 60-72 cm, 1.8-2 x 1.5-1.6 cm proximally, 1.5 x 1.2 cm distally, channelled with sharp edges, pale brown with minute scattered scales; rachis 1.5-1.7 m, in mid-leaf 0.9-1.6 x 0.7-1.2 cm, keeled, pale brown with minute scattered scales to glabrescent; leaflets 28-30 on each side of the rachis, regular, stiff and straight, pendulous in their most distal part, the proximal 81-129 x 0.9-2.5 cm, median 67-80 x 2.2-3.6 cm (interval 4-6.5 cm), distal 16- 36 x 0.9-2.1 cm, the terminal pair not or hardly (up to 0.5 cm) joined and with briefly (c. 0.3 cm) truncate and dentate apices, apices of median leafletsunequally bifid for 2-3 cm and attenuate, glaucous, with tufts of large redbrown ramenta to 4 mm long proximally and abaxially on the midrib, and with many minute scattered scales on the veins (invisible in Guillaumet 2527), main veins 1-5, faint; young leaves reddish. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, the part outside the leaf sheath arching through 180°, branched to 2 orders; peduncle 34-57 cm long, proximally c. 2 x 0.5 cm, distally 1.5-2.3 x 0.6-1.2 cm, distally with scattered scales, glabrescent; prophyll 42-75 cm long and 4-5.5 cm wide, borne at 5-17 cm above the base of the peduncle, open for 16-25 cm and hooded distally with an acute apex, coriaceous, ?slightly waxy, abaxially pale brown with scattered scales, adaxially red-brown and glabrous; peduncular bract inserted at 27-34 cm from the base of the peduncle, 39-53 cm long, not or hardly beaked, split over its entire length or closed in the distal part, distally hooded and 12 cm wide, pale brown with scattered scales, not deciduous but remaining contiguous with the prophyll for the most part and similar to the prophyll; non-tubular peduncular bracts near the apex of the peduncle, 1.3-2 cm long, triangular, acute; rachis 11-28 cm long, glabrous, with 5-14 branched and 12-20 unbranched first order branches; first order branches subtended by rachis bracts to 1 x 0.5 cm, with a secondary rachis of up to 6 cm long and with flattened base 9-17 x 3-8 mm and with 2-8 rachillae; rachillae porrect, 10-31 cm, 2-4 mm diam., with rather dense triads in slight pits and with distinct, entire, triangular, acute rachilla bracts. STAMINATE FLOWERS with sepals 2-2.2 x 1.8-2 mm; petals connate for c. 0.5 mm, 3.1-3.4 x 1.9-2 mm; stamens 6, slightly unequal with the antepetalous ones with filaments slightly wider at the base, filaments 1.6-2 mm long and cylindrical, anthers 1.8-2 x 0.6 mm, the locules parallel and obtuse, dorsifixed and versatile; pistillode c. 2.4 mm high, 0.6 mm diam. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals 2.7-3 x 2.4-3.4 mm; petals 3.5-4.2 x 3-4 mm; staminodes 0.6-0.8 mm, flat; gynoecium 3.2-3.6 x 2.9-3 mm. FRUIT ovoid to ellipsoid with a rounded apex, 10-12 x 8-9 mm, with anastomosing fibrous endocarp. SEED slightly obovoid with rounded apex and apiculate base, 8-9.5 x 5.5-6 mm, with subaequatorial depression; endosperm homogeneous.
Distribution
Between Soanierana-Ivongo and Vatomandry.
Biology
Littoral forest near fresh water; alt. 1-15 m.
Vernacular
Hirihiry (fide Perrier).
[PW]

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/38520/2871525

Conservation
CR - critically endangered
[IUCN]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

Uses

Use
Not recorded.
[PW]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Palmweb - Palms of the World Online

    • Palmweb 2011. Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. Published on the internet http://www.palmweb.org. Accessed on 21/04/2013
    • Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0