Rubiaceae
Coutarea

Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K.Schum.

First published in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6(6): 196 (1889)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is S. Mexico to Tropical America. It is a climbing shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a medicine.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.) in Steyermark, J., Berry, P.E., Holts, B.K. (eds). (2004). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 8: 1-874. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  • Borhidi, A. (2006). Rubiáceas de México: 1-512. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
  • Borhidi, A. (2012). Rubiáceas de México, ed. 2: 1-608. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Delprete, P.G. & Cortés-B., R. (2006 publ. 2007). A synopsis of the Rubiaceae of the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with a key to genera, and a preliminary species list. Revista de Biologia Neotropical 3: 13-96.
  • Delprete, P.G. (2010). Rubiaceae. Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins 40: 1-1610. Universidade Federal de Goiás.
  • Delprete, P.G., Smith, L.B. & Klein, R.M. (2004). Flora Ilustrada Catarinense 1: 1-344. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Atají, Brasil.
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2014). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 7: 1-840. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Linares, J.L. (2003 publ. 2005). Lista comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador. Ceiba; a Scientific and Technical Journal Published by Zamorano 44: 105-268.
  • Mendoza, H., Ramirez P., B.R. & Jimenez, L.C. (2004). Rubiaceae de Colombia: guia ilustrada de generos: 1-351. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia.
  • Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Grenand, P., Engel, J., Frame, D., Delprete, P.G., Fleury, M., Odonne, G., Davy, D., Lucas, E.J. & Martin, C.A. (2022). An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature. Adansonia, sér. 3, 44: 345-903.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Oliveira-Filho, A.T. (2006). Catálogo das Árvores nativas de Minas Gerais: 1-423. Editora UFLA, Lavas, Brasil.
  • Sant'Ana Melhem, T., das Graças Lapa Wanderley, M., Ehlin Martins, S., Jung-Mendaçolli, S.L., Shepherd, G.J. & Kirizawa, M. (eds.) (2007). Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo 5: 1-476. Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo.
  • Williams, R.O. & Cheeseman, E.E. in Williams, R.O. (1928). Rubiales. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(1): 1-48. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
  • Zappi, D.C. & al. (2003). Lista das plantas vasculares de Catoles. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 21(2): 345-398.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Delprete, P.G., Smith, L.B. & Klein, R.M. (2004). Flora Ilustrada Catarinense 1: 1-344. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Atají, Brasil.
  • Linares, J.L. (2003 publ. 2005). Lista comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador. Ceiba; a Scientific and Technical Journal Published by Zamorano 44: 105-268.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Oliveira-Filho, A.T. (2006). Catálogo das Árvores nativas de Minas Gerais: 1-423. Editora UFLA, Lavas, Brasil.
  • Ruhsam, M. (2005). Survey of all the Rubiaceae specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2022). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(3): 1-384. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Garcia, H. (1992). Flora Medicinal de Colombia. Botánica Médica. Segunda Edición. Tercer Mundo Editores. Tomo III.
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2009 Tameirao Neto, E. [3259] Brazil K000265436 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Paula-Souza; J. et al. [5522] Brazil K000265294 Yes
Mar 1, 2007 Sasaki, D.; Camargo, A.C.; Rosa, S.A.; Piva, J.H. [1179] Brazil K000447988 Yes
Mar 1, 2007 Sasaki, D.; Nascimento, J.; Henicka, G.S.; Monteiro, M.; Piva, J.H. [1348] Brazil K000447990 Yes
Nov 1, 2006 Projeto Flora Cristalino; Sasaki, D.; Yesilyurt, J.; Piva, J.H. [321] Brazil K000447989 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Souza, V.C., et al. [26416] Brazil K000265295 Yes
Feb 1, 1999 Passos, L.; Guedes, M.L.; Stannard, B.; Harley, R.; Atkins, S. [PCD5033] Brazil K000013367 Yes
Feb 1, 1999 França, F.; Oliveira, P.P.; Nascimento, F.H. [2491] Brazil K000173327 Yes
Sep 1, 1998 Lemos Froes, R. [20106] Brazil K000015268 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Pirani, J.R.; Campos, M.T.V.A.; Nunes, J.V.C.; Parra, L.R. [H51445] Brazil K000001965 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Stannard, B.; Ganev, W.; Queiroz, R.F. [H51626] Brazil K000001995 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Ganev, W. [1744] Brazil K000001968 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Saar, E.; Passos, L.; Guedes, M.L.; Stannard, B.; Harley, R.; Atkins, S. [PCD5026] Brazil K000013370 Yes
Oct 1, 1996 Tscha, M.C.; Campelo, M.J. [529] Brazil K000015069 Yes
Oct 1, 1996 Inacio, E.; Tscha, M.C.; Oliveira, M. [207] Brazil K000015067 Yes
Oct 1, 1996 Silva, E.I.; Gomes, A.P.S.; Laurenio, A.; Tscha, M.C. [106] Brazil K000015068 Yes
Oct 1, 1996 Lucena, M.F.A.; Oliveira, M.; Silva, L.F. [133] Brazil K000015066 Yes
Jun 29, 1995 Sales, M.F.; Tshá, M.C.; Lucena, M.F.A.; Silva, D.C. [533] Brazil K000173323 Yes
Jun 29, 1995 Sales, M.F.; Tshá, M.C.; Lucena, M.F.A.; Silva, D.C. [562] Brazil K000173322 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Harley, R.M.; Bromley, G.L.; Sant'Ana, S.C.; Hage, J.L.; dos Santos, E.B. [22121] Brazil K000015065 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Carvalho, A.M.; Chautems, A. [2119] Brazil K000015063 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Bolland, G. [s.n.] Brazil K000836501 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Blanchet [2838A] Brazil K000015070 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Zarucchi, J.L.; Cuadros, H. [3882] Colombia K001439063 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Macedo, A. [3818] Brazil K000836496 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Hassler, E. [8021] Paraguay K000173623 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Blanchet [2838] Brazil K000015071 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Gardner [450] Brazil K000015072 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Mexia, Y.E.J. [5560] Brazil K000836497 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Mexia, Y.E.J. [5471] Brazil K000836498 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Harley, R.M.; Bromley, G.L.; de Carvalho, A.M.; Hage, J.L.; Brito, H.S. [21542] Brazil K000015064 Yes
Jan 1, 1995 Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A.; Erskine, C.M.; Brighton, C.A.; Pinheiro, R. [15247] Brazil K000015061 Yes
Jan 1, 1982 dos Santos, T.S.; Mattos-Silva, L.A. [3710] Brazil K000173481 Yes
Jan 1, 1981 Pires, J.M.; Cavalcante, P.B. [52289] Brazil K000836503 Yes
Jan 1, 1969 Silva, N.T. [59730] Brazil K000836502 Yes
Oct 12, 1924 Peru K001435836 Yes
Kuhlmann, J.G. [1702] Brazil K001516517 Yes
Antar, G.M.; Seto, I.S.; Akemi-Borges, I.; Farhat, C. [652] Brazil K001567036 Yes
Franca, F.; Oliveira, P.P.; Nascimento, F.H. [2491] Brazil K004681201 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; F. Mamani [14083] Bolivia K001255501 Yes
Linden [1263] Mexico K000836508 Yes
Giulietii, A.M.; Harley, R.M. [1600] Brazil K004681196 Yes
Franca, F.; Melo, E.; Correia, C.; Carneiro, D. [1814] Brazil K004681188 Yes
Miers, J. [3334] Brazil K000836493 Yes
Boom, B.M. [4536] Bolivia K001255498 Yes
Arbo, M.M.; Lavia, G.I.; Pellegrini, M.G.; Beron, R. [6077] Paraguay K004681248 Yes
Robert, M.Eug. [s.n.] French Guiana K004681144 Yes
Widgren [s.n.] Brazil K000836484 Yes
de Queiroz, L.P.; Harley, R.M.; Giulietti, A.M.; dos Santos, C.C.; Rios, L. [5918] Brazil K001274233 Yes
Nunes, T.S.; Santos, A.K.A.; Jardim, J.G.; Machado, M.C. [1637] Brazil K004681194 Yes
s.coll. [143b] Brazil K000836500 Yes
Franca, F.; Melo, E.; Oliveira, R.P.; Leite, K.; Silva, B.M. [3378] Brazil K004681202 Yes
Burchell [702] Brazil K000836492 Yes
Laurênio, A.; Tschá, M.C.; Gomes, A.P.S. [94] Brazil K000173325 Yes
Regnell, A.F. [I 293] Brazil K000836485 Yes
Krukoff, B.A. [10544] Bolivia K001255499 Yes
Sales, M.F.; Ferraz, E.; Rodal, M.J.N. [335] Brazil K000173324 Yes
Macedo, A. [s.n.] Brazil K000836499 Yes
Sato, H.A.; González, A.M.; Salas, R.M.; Cabaña Fader, A.A. [201] Argentina K004681243 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Goyder, D.J. [16809] Bolivia K001255496 Yes
Melo, E.; Franca, F.; Godinho, A. [4293] Brazil K001274054 Yes
Henkel, T.W.; Chin, M.; Williams, L. [5528] Guyana K004681148 Yes
Sabatier, D.; Molino, J.-F. [4981] French Guiana K004681154 Yes
Jenman [4893] Guyana K004681153 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Giulietti, A.M.; Neto, A. [54789] Brazil K004681200 Yes
Souza-Silva, R.F.; {Watanabe, M.; Moraes, A.C.S.}; Conceicao, S.F.; et al. [76] Brazil K004681195 Yes
Poiteau [s.n.] French Guiana K004681150 Yes
Passos, L.; Guedes, M.L.; Stannard, B.; Harley, R.; Atkins, S. [PCD5033] Brazil K004681203 Yes
Diaz, J.; Way, M.; Castellanos Castro, C. [8] Colombia K001577172 Yes
Webster, G.L.; Dehgan, B.; Queiroz, L. [25719] Brazil K004681186 Yes
França, F.; Melo, E.; Silva, B.M. [3134] Brazil K004681197 Yes
Melo, E.; Franca, F.; Godinho, A. [4292] Brazil K001274092 Yes
Keller, H.A. [127] Argentina K004681247 Yes
Hostmann [564] Suriname K004681147 Yes
Saar, E.; Passos, L.; Guedes, M.L.; B.Stannard; Harley, R.; Atkins, S. [PCD5026] Brazil K004681198 Yes
Judkevich, M.D.; Salas, R.M.; Sobrado, S.V.; Miguel, L.M. [12] Argentina K004681244 Yes
Melo, E.; França, F.; Correira, C. [1628] Brazil K004681190 Yes
Conceiçao, A.A.; Nascimento, J.G.A.; Jesus, M.D.; Izabel, T.S.S. [1541] Brazil K001301458 Yes
França, F.; Melo, E.; Correia, C.; Oliveira, P. [1863] Brazil K004681187 Yes
Regnell, A.F. [293] Brazil K000836491 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Goyder, D.J. [15687] Bolivia K001255503 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Goyder, D.J. [16809] Bolivia K001255497 Yes
Schinini, A.; Daviña, J. [24713] Argentina K004681245 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Soto, D. [27126] Bolivia K001255504 Yes
Krukoff, B.A. [7919] Brazil K000836504 Yes
Guedes, M.L.; Harley, R.; B.Stannard; Woodgyer, E. [PCD2872] Brazil K004681193 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Goyder, D.J. [15479] Bolivia K001255502 Yes
Jenman [4893] Guyana K004681149 Yes
Montes, J.E. [96B] Argentina K004681246 Yes
Guillen, R.; Coria, S. [1297] Bolivia K001255500 Yes
Zanderij, I. [145] Suriname K000835081 Yes
Miranda-Silva, E.; et al. [45] Brazil K004681199 Yes
Hostmann [564] Suriname K004681146 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Giulietti, A.M.; Abreu, I. [56743] Brazil K001301454 Yes
Guedes, M.L.; Harley, R.; Stannard, B.; Woodgyer, E. [2897] Brazil K000173326 Yes
Fróes, R.L. [20228] Brazil K000836505 Yes
Franca, F.; Melo, E.; Goncalves, J.M.; Castro, R.M. [5115] Brazil K001301507 Yes
Nunes, T.S. [888] Brazil K001301335 Yes
Wood, J.R.I.; Soto, D. [27125] Bolivia K001255505 Yes
Thomas, W.W.; Jardim, J.; Sant'Ana, S.; Pitanga, G.V. [10996] Brazil K004681191 Yes
Guedes, M.L.; Harley, R.; B.Stannard; Woodgyer, E. [PCD2876] Brazil K004681192 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Suriname K004681152 Yes
Bordenave, B. [1002] French Guiana K004681143 Yes
Maguire, B.; Stahel, G. [22726] Suriname K004681145 Yes
Melo, E.; Franca, F.; Correia, C.; Ribeiro, R. [1486] Brazil K004681189 Yes
Maas, P.J.M.; Koek-Noorman, J.; Lall, H.; ter Welle, B.J.H; Westra, L.Y.T. [7178] Guyana K004681151 Yes
Sales, M. [327] Brazil K000173321 Yes
Peru K001435835 Yes
Peru K001435837 Yes
Peru K001435838 Yes
n/a K001435840 Yes
Panama K001439059 Yes
Panama K001439060 Yes
Panama K001439061 Yes
Panama K001439062 Yes
Zarucchi, J.L.; Cuadros, H. [3882], Colombia K001439063 Yes
Colombia K001439064 Yes
Colombia K001439065 Yes
Colombia K001439066 Yes
Colombia K001439067 Yes
Colombia K001439068 Yes
Colombia K001439069 Yes
Colombia K001439070 Yes
Colombia K001439071 Yes
New Grenada K001439072 Yes
New Grenada K001439073 Yes
Colombia K001439074 Yes
Colombia K001439075 Yes
Colombia K001439076 Yes
Colombia K001439077 Yes
Colombia K001439078 Yes
Colombia K001439079 Yes
Colombia K001439080 Yes
Colombia K001439081 Yes
Venezuela K001439082 Yes
Venezuela K001439083 Yes
Venezuela K001439084 Yes
Ecuador K001439085 Yes
Ecuador K001439086 Yes
Ecuador K001439087 Yes
Ecuador K001439088 Yes
Ecuador K001439089 Yes
Ecuador K001439090 Yes
Ecuador K001439091 Yes
Ecuador K001439092 Yes
May 12, 1966 Lindeman, J.C.; Haas, J.H. [1317] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. fluminensis K000836495 Yes
Smith, L.B.; Klein, R.M. [10835] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. fluminensis K000836494 Yes
Riedel [1793] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836488 Yes
Burchell [4943] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836487 Yes
Weir [s.n.] Colombia Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K001435841 Yes
Lobb, G. [s.n.] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836489 Yes
Gardner [450] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836490 Yes
Weir, J. [135] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836483 Yes
Gardner [450] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836486 Yes
Burchell [5807] Brazil Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens K000836507 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0