Pinus mugo Turra
First published in Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1: 152 (1764)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is E. France to Carpathians, Central Italy, N. Balkan Peninsula. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses, as a medicine and for food.
Distribution
Native to:
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Baltic States, Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
Synonyms
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Pinus carpathicus Anon. in Ungrisches Mag. 3: 38 (1786)
- Pinus digenea Wettst. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 108 (1889), nom. illeg.
- Pinus echinata Carrière in Traité Gén. Conif.: 370 (1855), not validly publ.
- Pinus fischeri Booth ex P.Lawson in Agric. Man.: 333 (1836), nom. superfl.
- Pinus magellensis Schouw in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 3: 233 (1845)
- Pinus montana Mill. in Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: n.° 5 (1768)
- Pinus montana var. applanata (Willk.) Willk. in Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr.: 177 (1872)
- Pinus montana subsp. arborea (Tubeuf) Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 1: 147 (1935)
- Pinus montana var. arborea Tubeuf in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143 (1912)
- Pinus montana var. centrapedunculata (Woerl.) Woerl. in Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 182 (1893)
- Pinus montana var. eumughus Vierh. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 64: 369, 372 (1914), not validly publ.
- Pinus montana subsp. frutescens-erecta (Tubeuf) Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 1: 147 (1935)
- Pinus montana var. frutescens-erecta Tubeuf in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143 (1912)
- Pinus montana var. gibba (Willk.) Christ in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 23: 231 (1865)
- Pinus montana var. impressa (Hartig ex Willk.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. in Farn- u. Blütenpfl. Tirol. 1: 112 (1906)
- Pinus montana var. mughus (Scop.) Gremli in Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 4: 453 (1881)
- Pinus montana subsp. mughus (Scop.) Willk. in Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr.: 177 (1872)
- Pinus montana subsp. mughus (Scop.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 228 (1897)
- Pinus montana var. prostrata Tubeuf in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143 (1912)
- Pinus montana subsp. prostrata (Tubeuf) Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 1: 147 (1935)
- Pinus montana var. pumilio (Haenke) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 11: 380 (1841)
- Pinus montana subsp. pumilio (Haenke) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 18 (1867)
- Pinus montana var. pyramidalis Schröt. in Biblioth. Universelle Rev. Suisse, sér. 3, 14: 280 (1885)
- Pinus montana f. slavinii Hornibr. in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 81: 147 (1927)
- Pinus mugho Laichard. in Man. Bot. 2: 441 (1794), orth. var.
- Pinus mughus Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 247 (1771)
- Pinus mughus f. applanata (Willk.) Beck in Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 4 (1890)
- Pinus mughus var. bicolor Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. brevispina Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. decumbens Grab. in Fl. Ober-Schlesien: 266 (1843)
- Pinus mughus var. depressa Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. impressa Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. laeta Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. leptoclada Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. longispina Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. lutescens Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. macroptera Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. pumilio (Haenke) K.Koch in Flora 23: 669 (1840)
- Pinus mughus f. pumilio (Haenke) Hayek in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 43 (1924)
- Pinus mughus var. rufa Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 234 (1861)
- Pinus mughus var. typica Beck in Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 4 (1890), not validly publ.
- Pinus mugo f. applanata (Willk.) K.I.Chr. in Nordic J. Bot. 7: 392 (1987)
- Pinus mugo var. arborea (Tubeuf) Hyl. in Bot. Not. 1953: 352 (1953)
- Pinus mugo var. compacta D.Hill in Hill's Evergreens, ed. 1924: 30 (1924)
- Pinus mugo f. compacta (D.Hill) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 37 (1949)
- Pinus mugo subsp. mughus (Scop.) O.Schwarz in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n.s., 1: 86 (1949)
- Pinus mugo var. mughus (Scop.) Zenari in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1921: 65 (1921)
- Pinus mugo subsp. mughus (Scop.) Domin in Preslia 13-15: 13 (1935)
- Pinus mugo var. nana Loudon ex Gordon & Glend. in Pinetum: 173 (1858)
- Pinus mugo var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1921: 65 (1921)
- Pinus mugo subsp. pumilio (Haenke) Franco in Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 2 (1983)
- Pinus mugo f. slavinii (Hornibr.) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 36 (1949)
- Pinus mugo var. typica Domin in Preslia 13-15: 13 (1935), not validly publ.
- Pinus × obliqua var. centrapedunculata Woerl. in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 9 (1885)
- Pinus pumilio Haenke in J.Jirasek, Beobacht. Ries. Riesengeb.: 68 (1791)
- Pinus pumilio var. applanata Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 226 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. atrata Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. cinnamomea Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. echinata Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 226 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. ferruginea Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. fischeri Booth ex Loudon in Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2186 (1838)
- Pinus pumilio var. fursa Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. gibba Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 226 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. incurva Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. limbata Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. marginata Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. nasuta Beck in Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 5: 553 (1890)
- Pinus pumilio var. nitida Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. oblongata Ten. in Fl. Napol. 5: 268 (1836)
- Pinus pumilio var. phaeoptera Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. pura Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. repressa Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. revoluta Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. rubriflora Loudon in Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2186 (1838)
- Pinus pumilio var. striata Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. turbinata Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. variabilis Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 224 (1861)
- Pinus pumilio var. virens Hartig ex Willk. in Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 225 (1861)
- Pinus rostrata K.Koch in Dendrologie 2(2): 280 (1873), not validly publ.
- Pinus rubriflora Loudon ex Gordon & Glend. in Pinetum: 172 (1858), not validly publ.
- Pinus squamosa Bosc ex Loudon in Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2292 (1838)
- Pinus sudeticus Anon. in Ungrisches Mag. 3: 38 (1786)
- Pinus sylvestris subsp. montana (Mill.) Bonnier & Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 372 (1894)
- Pinus sylvestris var. montana (Mill.) Aiton in Hort. Kew. 3: 366 (1789)
- Pinus sylvestris var. mugho Chaix ex Vill. in Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 805 (1789)
- Pinus sylvestris var. pumilio (Haenke) Gaudin in F.P.von Schrank, Baier. Fl. 10: 230 (1789)
- Pinus sylvestris subsp. pumilio (Haenke) Bonnier & Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 372 (1894)
- Pinus uncinata var. pumilio (Haenke) Mathieu in Fl. Forest., ed. 2: 393 (1860)
- Pinus wettsteinii Fritsch in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 153 (1889)
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Christensen, K.I. (1987). Taxonomic revision of the Pinus mugo complex and P. × rhaetica (P. mugo × sylvestris) (Pinaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 7: 383-408.
- Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
- Farjon, A. (2001). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers, ed. 2: 1-309. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Farjon, A. (2010). A handbook of the world's Conifers 2: 533-1111. BRILL, Leiden, Boston.
- Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1993). Flora Europaea ed. 2, 1: 1-581. Cambridge University Press.
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Farjon, A. (2001). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers, ed. 2: 1-309. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Jonsell, B. (ed.) (2000). Flora Nordica 1: 1-344. The Bergius Foundaton.
- Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
- Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1993). Flora Europaea ed. 2, 1: 1-581. Cambridge University Press.
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- Allen, D., Bilz, M., Leaman, D.J., Miller, R.M., Timoshyna, A., & Window, J. (2014). European Red List of medicinal plants. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 10:907382.
- Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
- Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
- GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
- IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
- Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
- RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
- Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Sources
-
EDGE Gymnosperms
- EDGE of Existence (Gymnosperms)
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
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IUCN Categories
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Living Collection Database
- Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images
-
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0