Piperaceae
Piper

Piper betle L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 28 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Indo-China to Malesia. It is a climbing shrub or liana and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Andaman Is., Cambodia, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced into:

Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Christmas I., Comoros, Cuba, East Himalaya, Fiji, India, Leeward Is., Madagascar, Maldives, Marianas, Mauritius, New Guinea, Réunion, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Trinidad-Tobago, Vanuatu, Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J., Cadet, T., Guého, J. & Marais, W. (eds.) (1998). Flore des Mascareignes 149-152: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Chayamarit, K. & al. (eds.) (2024). Flora of Thailand 16(3): 749-837. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Das, A.P., Samanta, A.K. & Biswas, K. (2010). A census of Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Terai, Duars and the hills of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Pleione 4: 33-41.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2010). Piper (Piperaceae) in the Solomon islands: the climbing species. Blumea 55: 4-13.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2013). Piper (Piperaceae) in New Guinea: the climbing species. Blumea 57: 275-294.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
  • Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Suwanphakdee, C. & Chantaranothai, P. (2011). A new species and three taxonomic changes in Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 56: 235-239.
  • Suwanphakdee, C. & al. (2020). A synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 48: 145-183.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of China 4: 1-453. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • J. H. Holland, The Useful Plants of Nigeria, Kew Bulletin, Additional Series IX, 4: 552

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J., Cadet, T., Guého, J. & Marais, W. (eds.) (1998). Flore des Mascareignes 149-152: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Das, A.P., Samanta, A.K. & Biswas, K. (2010). A census of Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Terai, Duars and the hills of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Pleione 4: 33-41.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1988). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 6: 1-424. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2010). Piper (Piperaceae) in the Solomon islands: the climbing species. Blumea 55: 4-13.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2013). Piper (Piperaceae) in New Guinea: the climbing species. Blumea 57: 275-294.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1984). Flora of Bhutan 1(2): 189-462. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Stutz, L.-C. (1982). Herborisation 1981 aux îles Maldives. Candollea 37: 599-631.
  • Suwanphakdee, C. & Chantaranothai, P. (2011). A new species and three taxonomic changes in Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 56: 235-239.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of China 4: 1-453. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Kew's Living Collection Database

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images