Family:
Piperaceae Giseke
Genus:
Piper L.

Piper betle L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Indo-China to Malesia.

[FTEA]

Piperaceae, Bernard Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1996

Morphology General Habit
Climbing shrub with glabrous stems producing adventitious roots at the nodes.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves ovate or rounded ovate, 8–18 cm. long, 6–10 cm. wide, narrowly and sharply acuminate at the apex, cordate or subcordate and mostly asymmetric at the base, petiole 2–4 cm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Spikes cream, 2 cm. long; stamens 2; stigmas 4–5; bracts rounded to obovate, sessile, central.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruits sessile, often coalescing.

Native to:

Cambodia, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Christmas I., Comoros, Cuba, East Himalaya, Fiji, India, Leeward Is., Madagascar, Maldives, Marianas, Mauritius, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Réunion, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is.

English
Betel

Piper betle L. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
s.coll. [s.n.], Peninsular Malaysia K000842570 Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6652] K001124420 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6652] K001124419 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6652], Myanmar K001124422 Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6652] K001124421 Yes
Silva, F.de [6652], Bangladesh K000794401 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124378 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642], India Piper malamiris K001124383 Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124381 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124384 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642], India Piper malamiris K001124379 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124382 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124380 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642], India Piper malamiris K001124385 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124387 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6642] Piper malamiris K001124386 Yes
Blume, C.L. [s.n.], Jawa Piper blumei K000794883 Yes
Korthals, P.W. [s.n.], Indonesia Piper blumei K000794882 Yes
Forster, G. [s.n.], New Caledonia Piper siriboa K000351900 Unknown type material Yes

First published in Sp. Pl.: 28 (1753)

Accepted by

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J., Cadet, T., Guého, J. & Marais, W. (eds.) (1998). Flore des Mascareignes 149-152: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Das, A.P., Samanta, A.K. & Biswas, K. (2010). A census of Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Terai, Duars and the hills of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas Pleione 4: 33-41.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2010). Piper (Piperaceae) in the Solomon islands: the climbing species Blumea 55: 4-13.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2013). Piper (Piperaceae) in New Guinea: the climbing species Blumea 57: 275-294.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2 Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
  • Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh l?c các loài th?c v?t Vi?t Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà N?i : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p.
  • Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Suwanphakdee, C. & Chantaranothai, P. (2011). A new species and three taxonomic changes in Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand Blumea 56: 235-239.
  • Suwanphakdee, C. & al. (2020). A synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae) Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 48: 145-183.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of China 4: 1-453. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Literature

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • J. H. Holland, The Useful Plants of Nigeria, Kew Bulletin, Additional Series IX, 4: 552

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J., Cadet, T., Guého, J. & Marais, W. (eds.) (1998). Flore des Mascareignes 149-152: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Das, A.P., Samanta, A.K. & Biswas, K. (2010). A census of Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Terai, Duars and the hills of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas Pleione 4: 33-41.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1988). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 6: 1-424. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2010). Piper (Piperaceae) in the Solomon islands: the climbing species Blumea 55: 4-13.
  • Gardner, R.O. (2013). Piper (Piperaceae) in New Guinea: the climbing species Blumea 57: 275-294.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2 Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1984). Flora of Bhutan 1(2): 189-462. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Stutz, L.-C. (1982). Herborisation 1981 aux îles Maldives Candollea 37: 599-631.
  • Suwanphakdee, C. & Chantaranothai, P. (2011). A new species and three taxonomic changes in Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand Blumea 56: 235-239.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of China 4: 1-453. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

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