Polygalaceae
Polygala

Polygala persicariifolia DC.

First published in Prodr. 1: 326 (1824)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N. Australia. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Assam, Bangladesh, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nigeria, Philippines, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Sumatera, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (2000). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1960). Flora Zambesiaca 1(1): 1-336. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Lekhak, M.M. & Yadav, S.R. (2012). Herbacious vegetation of threatened high altitude lateritic plateau ecosystems of Western Ghats, southwestern Maharashtra, India. Rheedea 22: 39-61.
  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Mao, A.A., Sinha, B.K., Verma, D. & Sarma, N. (2016). Check-List of Flora of Meghalaya: 1-273. Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Shillong.
  • Meena, S.L. (2012). A checklist of the vascular plants of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. Nelumbo 54: 39-91.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Paiva, j. (2007). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Polygalaceae: 1-60.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Robyns, W. & al. (eds.) (1948-1963). Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1-10.
  • Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Thailand 7(3): 351-654. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.) (1984-1989). Flora Malesiana 10: 1-748. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Chev. Fl. Viv. 1: 269.
  • —F.T.A. 1: 129

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (2000). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1960). Flora Zambesiaca 1(1): 1-336. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Lekhak, M.M. & Yadav, S.R. (2012). Herbacious vegetation of threatened high altitude lateritic plateau ecosystems of Western Ghats, southwestern Maharashtra, India. Rheedea 22: 39-61.
  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Mao, A.A., Sinha, B.K., Verma, D. & Sarma, N. (2016). Check-List of Flora of Meghalaya: 1-273. Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Shillong.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Paiva, j. (2007). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Polygalaceae: 1-60.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Robyns, W. & al. (eds.) (1948-1963). Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1-10.
  • Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Thailand 7(3): 351-654. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • F.C.B. 7: 254 (1958)
  • F.P.U.: 52 (1962)
  • F.Z. 1, 1: 322, t. 57/16 (1960)
  • Fl. Eth. 2, 1: 184, fig. 24.3/7–10 (2000).
  • Fontqueria 50: 192, t. 36/g (1998)
  • Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 31(2): 331, t. 27/22–23 (1893)
  • Prodr. 1: 326, 64 (1824) as persicariaefolia
  • U.K.W.F. ed. 2: 55 (1994)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2006 Wallich [4185] Nepal K000592190 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Edgeworth, M.P. [139] Nepal K000592186 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Wallich [4185] Nepal K000592187 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Thomson, T. [s.n.] Nepal K000592189 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Wallich [s.n.] Nepal K000592188 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nov 1, 2003 Onana, J.-M. [1915] Cameroon K000746078 No
Jan 1, 1976 Schweinfurth, G. [926] Sudan K000231549 Isotype Yes
Jan 1, 1976 Quartin-Dillons [s.n.] Ethiopia K000231551 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1976 Schimper [1225] Ethiopia K000231550 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1976 Schimper [20] Ethiopia K000231552 Type Yes
Ridley, H.N. [s.n.] Indonesia K003077215 No
Snowden, J.D. [85] Uganda K003079911 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs.) [11049] Tanzania K003079933 Yes
Kerr, A. [6213] Thailand K003076947 No
Mutimushi, J.M. [2535] Zambia K003731064 Yes
Pawek, J. [2330] Malawi K003731050 Yes
Merrett, L. [2565] Zambia K001925337 Yes
Bidgood, S.; Sitoni, D.; K. Vollesen; Whitehouse, C. [3743] Tanzania K003079930 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs.) [1298] Zambia K003731057 Yes
Tweedie [4096] Kenya K003079927 Yes
Lorzing, J.A. [15634] Indonesia K003077212 No
Goyder, D.J.; Pope, G.V.; Radcliffe-Smith, A. [3151] Malawi K003731053 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P1067] Uganda K003079906 Yes
Tweedie [4096] Kenya K003079926 Yes
A.S.T. [Th398] Uganda K003079918 Yes
Bruce, E.M. (Miss) [817] Tanzania K003079939 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [887] Thailand K003076949 No
Lind, E. (Dr.) [456] Uganda K003079913 Yes
Tanner, R. [4900] Tanzania K003079929 Yes
Speke (Capt.); Grant [s.n.] Niue K003079908 Yes
[W. S.] [1167] Uganda K003079924 Yes
Mutimushi, J.M. [1287] Zambia K003731060 Yes
[Wight] [s.n.] India K000592185 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Pope, G.V. [19576] Zimbabwe K003731040 Yes
Jefford, T.G.; Juniper, B.E.; Newbould, J. [2777] Tanzania K003079932 Yes
Gomes Sousa, A. [1352] Malawi K003731036 Yes
Ridley, H.N. [s.n.] Indonesia K003077214 No
Put [4444] Thailand K003076943 No
Tawakali, E.J.; Balaka, J.L. [183] Malawi K003731043 Yes
Bidgood, S.; Sitoni, D.; K. Vollesen; Whitehouse, C. [4248] Tanzania K003079931 Yes
Davies, R.M. [D74] Tanzania K003079945 Yes
Smitinand, T. [7065] Thailand K003076955 No
Robinson, E.A. [5026] Zambia K003731059 Yes
Haerdi, F. [550/0] Tanzania K003079941 Yes
Chandler, P. [1912] Uganda K003079920 Yes
Robson, N.K.B.; Jackson [1309] Malawi K003731047 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Kanuri [14044] Tanzania K003079943 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; P. Taylor [9059] Tanzania K003079949 Yes
Put [314] Thailand K003076954 No
Brown, E. [55] Uganda K003079922 Yes
Micholitz [s.n.] Philippines K000592304 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ruffo; Kisena [3243] Tanzania K003079952 Yes
Pawek, J. [7112] Malawi K003731044 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P.G. [9059A] Tanzania K003079950 Yes
Angus, A. [2812] Zambia K003731058 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [F.877] Zambia K003731056 Yes
S.A. [448] Tanzania K003079934 Yes
McDonald; Sunaryo [4461] Indonesia K003077210 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [6492] Thailand K003076946 No
[wall] [4185] K003077218 No
Bruce, E.M. (Miss) [817] Tanzania K003079940 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Patel, I.H. [18535] Malawi K003731041 Yes
Lind, E. (Dr.) [469] Uganda K003079914 Yes
Smitinand, T. [11836] Thailand K003076952 No
s.coll. [2090] Philippines K000592305 Unknown Type Material Yes
Stolz, A. [695] Tanzania K003079944 Yes
Pirozynski, K.A. [P643] Tanzania K003079935 Yes
Chandler, P. [868] Uganda K003079915 Yes
Rahmat Si Boeea [6156] Indonesia K003077207 No
Buchanan [298] Malawi K003731052 Yes
Garrett, H.B.G. [476] Thailand K003076944 No
Merril, E.D. [4401] Philippines K000592303 Type Yes
Pawek, J. [2345A] Malawi K003731049 Yes
Lorzing, J.A. [15980] Indonesia K003077213 No
Semsei, S.R. [2074] Tanzania K003079938 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Banda, E.A. [9833] Malawi K003731046 Yes
Chisumpa, S.M. [137] Zambia K003731055 Yes
{J. Buchanan, C. M. G.} [645] Malawi K003731051 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Moriarty, A. [9062] Malawi K003731045 Yes
Buhchuam, K. [1348] Thailand K003076951 No
Bunnemeyer [3666] Indonesia K003077208 No
Fyffe, R. [10] Uganda K003079907 Yes
Garrett, H.B.G. [476] Thailand K003076945 No
Pawek, J. [1981] Malawi K003731048 Yes
Ruchavan, J. [55] Malawi K003731039 Yes
Dummer, R. [522] Uganda K003079921 Yes
Iwatsuki, K.; Fukuoka, N.; Hutoh, M.; Chaiglom, D. [T1033] Thailand K003076953 No
Maitland, T.D. [578] Uganda K003079923 Yes
Batty, M. (Mrs.) [1087] Tanzania K003079937 Yes
Sanane, M. [1161] Zambia K003731061 Yes
Clark, R.P.; Egan, A.N.; Sirimongkol, S.; Chamchumroon, V.; Meeboonya, R. [338] Thailand K003076950 No
Schlieben, H.J. [1083a] Tanzania K003079946 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [2708] Thailand K003076948 No
Chancellor, R.J. [70] Uganda K003079905 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Mozambique K003731034 Yes
Kirk, J. [s.n.] Malawi K003731038 Yes
Iboet [32] Indonesia K003077206 No
Mohler, H. [2072] Uganda K003079910 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; P. Taylor [9452] Tanzania K003079948 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [9673] Zambia K003731063 Yes
Elbert, J. [s.n.] Indonesia K003077209 No
Bingham, M.G. [10822] Zambia K003731054 Yes
Carter; Abdallah; Newton [2603] Tanzania K003079942 Yes
Waller, H.; Kirk [s.n.] Malawi K003731037 Yes
Mutimushi, J.M. [1358] Zambia K003731062 Yes
Lind, E. (Dr.) [232] Uganda K003079912 Yes
Kalema, J. [2718] Uganda K003079902 Yes
Pawek [4790] Malawi K003731042 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; P. Taylor [9452] Tanzania K003079947 Yes
Sorensen, T.; Larsen, K.; Hansen, B. [4844] Thailand K003076956 No
v. Leeuwen (Doct.) [5964] Indonesia K003077217 No
Wood, G. [261] Uganda K003079916 Yes
A.S.T. [TH398] Uganda K003079919 Yes
s.coll. [1169] Uganda K003079925 Yes
Ridley, H.N. [s.n.] Indonesia K003077216 No
Snowden, J.D. [503] Uganda K003079917 Yes
Thomas, A.S. [Th.704.] Uganda K003079903 Yes
Mbago, F. [1050] Tanzania K003079936 Yes
Napier, E.R. [6703] Uganda K003079928 Yes
Kostermans; Wirawan [642] Indonesia K003077211 No
Eggeling, W.J. [E5986] Uganda K003079904 Yes
Gomes Sousa, A. [1325] Mozambique K003731035 Yes
Ruffo; Kisena [3224] Tanzania K003079951 Yes
Lesger [173] Indonesia K003077205 No
Shillito, E.H. (Mrs.) [116] Uganda K003079909 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images