Rhamnaceae
Frangula

Frangula alnus Mill.

First published in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 1 (1768)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Europe to Central Siberia and Xinjiang, NW. Africa. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Portugal, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Tuva, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang

Introduced into:

Canary Is., Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, Tennessee, Uzbekistan, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Browicz, K. & Zieliński, J. (1977). Flora Iranica 125: 1-28. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1967). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 2: 1-581. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Peschkova, G.A. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 10: 1-314. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Stalažs, A. (2024). List of vascular plants of Latvia (with Latvian names): 1-312. Dobele.
  • Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(1): 1-628. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1959). Flora Uzbekistana 4: 1-507. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919. [Cited as Rhamnus frangula.]
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press. [Cited as Frangula dodonei.]

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
  • Browicz, K. & Zieliński, J. (1977). Flora Iranica 125: 1-28. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Jones, R.L. (2005). Plant life of Kentucky. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. The universitry press of Kentucky.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Peschkova, G.A. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Siberia 10: 1-314. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(1): 1-628. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1959). Flora Uzbekistana 4: 1-507. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1-534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2005-2022). The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Ross-Craig, S.; Burtt, B.L.; Sealy, J.R. [500] United Kingdom K:SPC-16443.000 No
Ross-Craig, S.; Burtt, B.L.; Sealy, J.R. United Kingdom K:SPC-16442.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004542953 Yes
[V. Summerhayes]; Milne-Redhead, E. [764] Rhamnus frangula K004542975 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E. [6186] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K:SPC-09803.000 No
Milne-Redhead, G.; Taylor, P. [6186] Rhamnus frangula K004543011 Yes
Ross-Craig, S.; Sealy, J.R.; Burtt, B.L. [500] Rhamnus frangula K004543012 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542970 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [1336] Rhamnus frangula K004542993 Yes
Bucknall, C. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542992 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542960 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542961 Yes
Baher, J.G. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543005 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543013 Yes
Naylor, G. [117] Rhamnus frangula K004543014 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Brenan, R.A.F. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542965 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543002 Yes
Townsend, C.C. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542986 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543000 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [47226C] Rhamnus frangula K004543006 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [26135] Rhamnus frangula K004542968 Yes
Rilstone, F. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542963 Yes
Fraser, G.T. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542955 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [26210] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004542969 Yes
Pearce, S.A. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543015 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S. [194] Rhamnus frangula K004543004 Yes
Roper, I.M. [335] Rhamnus frangula K004542991 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542957 Yes
[Keer] [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542995 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [57] Rhamnus frangula K004542979 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004542966 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542959 Yes
Summerhayes, V.; Milne-Redhead, E. [764] Rhamnus frangula K004542976 Yes
Hosking, A. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542984 Yes
[V. Summerhayes]; Milne-Redhead, E. [764] Rhamnus frangula K004542974 Yes
[Miss. Mr. Carpenter] [H23091933] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004542956 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [7110] Rhamnus frangula K004542988 Yes
Salisbury, E.J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542994 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Meikle, R.D.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543010 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Meikle, R.D.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542996 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [20209] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004543007 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542958 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [1457] Rhamnus frangula K004542987 Yes
[C.J. Allard] [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542985 Yes
[Bouere] [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542982 No
Fraser, J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543003 Yes
Worsdell, W.C. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542954 Yes
Hosking, A. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543008 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542962 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542983 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542989 Yes
Summerhayes, V.S.; Milne-Redhead, E. [764] Rhamnus frangula K004542973 Yes
Turrill, W.B. (Dr.) [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542972 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542999 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004542952 Yes
Clarke, C.B. [47011B] Rhamnus frangula K004542981 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542990 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543009 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Meikle, R.D.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542998 Yes
Sintenis, P. [2453] Türkiye Rhamnus frangula K000723104 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jackson, A.B. [[329]] Rhamnus frangula K004542971 Yes
Richards, R.M. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542980 Yes
Fraser, J. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004543001 Yes
Summerhayes, V.; Milne-Redhead, E. [764] Rhamnus frangula K004542978 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y.; Shaw, H.K.A.; Milne-Redhead, E. [1258] Rhamnus frangula K004542977 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Meikle, R.D.; Airy Shaw, H.K. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542997 Yes
Thurston, E. [s.n.] Rhamnus frangula K004542964 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [s.n.] United Kingdom Rhamnus frangula K004542951 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Kew's Living Collection Database

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2026. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0