Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus

Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.

First published in Fl. Atlant. 1: 201 (1798)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Mauritania to Pakistan. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the desert or dry shrubland biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf States, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Lebanon-Syria, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen

Introduced into:

Algeria, Aruba, Comoros, KwaZulu-Natal, Libya, Netherlands Antilles, Tunisia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Browicz, K. & Zieliński, J. (1977). Flora Iranica 125: 1-28. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Johnston, M.C. (1972). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Rhamnaceae: 1-40.
  • Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1977). Flora of Cyprus 1: 1-832. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Musselman, L.J. (2011). Checklist of Plants of Lebanon and Syria http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/lebsyria/Checklist%20of%20Lebanon%20Plants.pdf.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Qaiser, M. & Nazimuddin, S. (1981). Flora of Pakistan 140: 1-2. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) in Thulin, M. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Somalia 2: 1-303. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(1): 1-628. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1994). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 1: 1-336. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Boulos, L. (2000). Flora of Egypt 2: 1-352. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 3: 1-89. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Browicz, K. & Zieliński, J. (1977). Flora Iranica 125: 1-28. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Johnston, M.C. (1972). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Rhamnaceae: 1-40.
  • Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
  • Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Llewellyn, O.A., Hall, M., Miller, A.G., Al-Abbasi, T.M., Al-Wetaid, A.H., Al-Harbi, R.J. & Al-Shammari, K.F. (2011). Important plant areas in the Arabian peninsula: 4. Jabal Aja. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 68: 199-224.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1977). Flora of Cyprus 1: 1-832. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
  • Musselman, L.J. (2011). Checklist of Plants of Lebanon and Syria http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/lebsyria/Checklist%20of%20Lebanon%20Plants.pdf.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Shaheen, H., Qureshi, R., Akram, A., Gulfraz, M. & Potter, D. (2014). A preliminary floristic checklist of Thal desert Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistn Journal of Botany 46: 13-18.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) in Thulin, M. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Somalia 2: 1-303. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(1): 1-628. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • van Proosdij, A.S.J. (2012). Arnoldo's Zakflora, ed. 4: 1-318. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 2, (1999) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 1968 Schimper [1798] Ethiopia K000036282 Type Yes
Mar 11, 1955 Chevalier, A. [1084] Sudan K000036278 Syntype Yes
Robertson, V.C. [101] Sudan K004370838 Yes
Aylmer, G. [GA/27/28a] Sudan K004370850 Yes
s.coll. [661] Yemen K004370903 Yes
Francis, D. [35] Sudan K004370837 Yes
de Wilde, W.J.J.O.; de Wilde, J.J.F.E.; de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. [5284A] Chad K004370636 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Host, P.; Wondafrash, M.; Kebede, S. [6794] Ethiopia K004370862 Yes
Reunion K000036288 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wickens, G.E. [1353] Sudan K004370840 Yes
Burger, W. [2546] Ethiopia K004370871 Yes
Steudner [952] Eritrea K004370882 Yes
Smith, A.R.; Lavranos, J. [731] Yemen K004370906 Yes
Sahni; Kamil [606] Sudan K004370846 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, G.S.; Assefa Hailu; Yitbarew, B. [11635] Ethiopia K004370856 Yes
Gillett, J.B.; Hemming, C.F.; Watson, R.M. [21985] Somalia K004370892 Yes
Friis, I.; Harris, T.; Assefa Hailu; Ermias Getachew [14628] Ethiopia K004370855 Yes
Beckett, J.J. [1413] Somalia K004370908 Yes
Hansen, O.J. [4307] Somalia K004370878 Yes
[Schmiperi] [32] Ethiopia K004370864 Yes
Burger, W. [1986] Ethiopia K004370869 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, G.S.; Abebe, W.; Ermias Getachew [13036] Ethiopia K004370858 Yes
Drake-Brockmann, R.E.; Zeyher [724] Somalia K004370889 Yes
s.coll. [S/45] Sudan K004370848 Yes
Hansen, O.J.; Heemstra, H. [6271] Somalia K004370888 Yes
Edwards, S.; Tewolde-Berhan, G.E. [3541] Ethiopia K004370867 Yes
O'Brien, E.M. [59] Somalia K004370901 Yes
Ebba, T. [626] Ethiopia K004370861 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [516] Sudan K004370851 Yes
Balde, A. [395] Guinea K001310457 Yes
Balde, A. [403] Guinea K001310458 Yes
Smith, A.R.; Lavranos, J. [731] Yemen K004370905 Yes
Thulin, M.; Dahir, A.; Osman, A. [10068] Somalia K004370879 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [9040] K004370634 Yes
Cooke, B.K. [74] Sudan K004370847 Yes
Friis, I.; Abebe, W.; Ermias Getachew [15592] Ethiopia K004370853 Yes
Beckett, J.J. [734] Somalia K004370893 Yes
Friis, I.; Abebe, W.; Ermias Getachew [15354] Ethiopia K004370854 Yes
Hemming, C.F. [CFH44] Somalia K004370895 Yes
Ebba, T. [626] Ethiopia K004370860 Yes
Awale, A. [AIA22] Somalia K004370885 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [2465] Sudan K004370852 Yes
Beccari, O. [25] Eritrea K004370881 Yes
[R. Porctuner]; Trump, E.C. [911] Somalia K004370876 Yes
Robertson, S.A. (Mrs.) [1214] Ethiopia K004370859 Yes
Hemming, C.F.; Watson, R.M. [3141] Somalia K004370894 Yes
[Leiut Hummel] [18] Ethiopia K004370863 Yes
Aylmer, G. [351] Sudan K004370849 Yes
[Dr Rokes] [[180/203]] Ethiopia K004370865 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [2899] Sudan K004370835 Yes
Phillips, E.L. (Mrs.) [s.n.] Somalia K004370899 Yes
Gillett, J.B.; Hemming, C.F. [24909-11] Somalia K004370877 Yes
Schimperi [s.n.] Ethiopia K004370874 Yes
Letouzey, R. [6487] Cameroon K004370646 Yes
Sahni, K.C. [229] Sudan K004370836 Yes
s.coll. [289] Yemen K004370904 Yes
Gilliland, H.B. [4084] Eritrea K004370884 Yes
Collenette, C.N. [213] Somalia K004370891 Yes
Awale, A. [AIA21] Somalia K004370886 Yes
s.coll. [4510/SRFK] Nigeria K004370647 Yes
Burger, W. [3245] Ethiopia K004370870 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, G.S.; Abebe, W.; Ermias Getachew [13078] Ethiopia K004370857 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K004370843 Yes
Hemming [24] Somalia K004370897 Yes
Peck, E.F. [70] Somalia K004370898 Yes
Jackson, J.K. [4139] Sudan K004370839 Yes
Glover, P.E.; Gilliland [47] Somalia K004370887 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B7026] Eritrea K004370880 Yes
Aylmer, G. [351] Sudan K004370845 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [4010] Chad K004370637 Yes
Mooney, H.F. [8110] Ethiopia K004370872 Yes
Newbould, J.G.B. [795] Somalia K004370900 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [2913] Sudan K004370834 Yes
Friis, I.; Alstrup, V.; Michelsen, A. [4576] Somalia K004370902 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, G.S.; Wondefrash, M.; Ermias Getachew [10591] Ethiopia K004370866 Yes
Sahni; Kamil [717] Sudan K004370844 Yes
Burger, W. [1730] Ethiopia K004370873 Yes
Hemming, C.F. [CFH24] Somalia K004370896 Yes
Jones, S. [102] Ethiopia K004370875 Yes
Francis, D. [5] Sudan K004370841 Yes
s.coll. [4323] Chad K004370635 Yes
McClintock, A. (Miss) [33] Cameroon K004370648 Yes
Richardi [s.n.] Reunion K000036287 Type Yes
Cronk, Q. [1] Yemen K004370907 Yes
Schimperi [s.n.] Ethiopia K004370868 Yes
Miehe, S. [767] Sudan K004370842 Yes
Collenette, C.N. [213] Somalia K004370890 Yes
Hemming, C.F. [1102] Eritrea K004370883 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images