Poaceae
Agropyron

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.

First published in Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 540 (1770)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Temp. Eurasia, N. Africa. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Altay, Amur, Austria, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, China North-Central, Chita, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Irkutsk, Italy, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Magadan, Manchuria, Mongolia, Morocco, North Caucasus, Northwest European Russia, NW. Balkan Pen., Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutiya

Introduced into:

Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, Chile South, Colorado, Delaware, Germany, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Labrador, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Mexico Northeast, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Poland, Québec, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Barina, Z., Pifkó, D. & Mesterházy, A. (2011). Contributions to the flora of Albania, 3. Willdenowia 41: 329-339.
  • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Nikolin, E.G. (2020). Opredelitel' vysshikh rasteniy Yakutii: 1-895. Moskva : Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdaniy KMK Novosibirsk "Nauka".
  • Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 6: 1-619. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Aver'ianov, L.V. & al. (2006). Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Nauka, Moskva.
  • Barina, Z., Pifkó, D. & Mesterházy, A. (2011). Contributions to the flora of Albania, 3. Willdenowia 41: 329-339.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Chadde, S.W. (2019). Wisconsin Flora ed. 2: 1-818. Steve W. Chadde.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Fedtschenko, B.A. & al. (1932). Flora Turkmenii 1: 1-340. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007). Flora of North America North of Mexico 24: 1-908. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Probatova, N.S. & al. (2006). Flora Rossiiskogo Dal'nego Vostoka. Dopolneniya i izmeneniya k izdaniyu Sosudistye rasteniya sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka t. 1-8 (1985-1996): 1-454. Russian academy of sciences Far Eastern branch.
  • Roshevitz, R.J. & al. (eds.) (1950). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 2: 1-315. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  • Sheremetova, S.A., Ebel, A.L. & Buko, T.E. (2011). Supplement to the flora of Kemerovo region since 2001 till 2010. Turczaninowia 14(1): 65-74.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Licent, E. (Abbe) [7493] Mongolia K003592803 Yes
Fayvush; et al. [s.n.] Armenia K003592624 Yes
Hohenacker, T.F. [s.n.] Georgia K003592763 Yes
Ledebour [s.n.] K003592770 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [19437] China K003592797 Yes
Ryves, D.B. [s.n.] Russia K003592774 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [753] China K003592802 Yes
Poplawska, H. [866] K003592766 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [3933] China K003592800 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K000950615 Unknown Type Material Yes
Munro, W. [s.n.] Ukraine K000950614 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [2749] K003592780 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia K000950610 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ryves, D.B. [s.n.] Russia K003592777 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [7528] Mongolia K003592808 Yes
Keng, F. [5334] China K000731546 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003592775 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [s.n.] Mongolia K003592806 Yes
s.coll. [866] K003592773 Yes
Price, M.P. [419] Mongolia K003592767 Yes
Hu, S.Y. [19406] China K003592796 Yes
Tour [s.n.] Ukraine K000950612 Unknown Type Material Yes
Schrenck [s.n.] K003592783 Yes
Poplavska, H. [s.n.] Russia K003592779 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [7492] Mongolia K003592810 Yes
s.coll. [2974] K003592781 Yes
Cowdry, N.H. [434] China K003592799 Yes
Jeffrey, C. [1405] Mongolia K003592765 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [7344] Mongolia K003592807 Yes
Fayvush; et al. [s.n.] Armenia K003592622 Yes
Besser, W. [s.n.] Russia K000950616 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [1020] K003592756 Yes
Peterson, P.M.; Chen, H.L.; Lin, L. [25021] China K003592795 Yes
Besser, W. [27] Russia K000950613 Unknown Type Material Yes
[Schkl] [s.n.] K003592782 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K003592778 Yes
Appleton, H. [434] K003592771 Yes
Price, M.P. [77] Mongolia K003592768 Yes
[illegible] [391] K003592801 No
Licent, E. (Abbe) [420] China K003592798 Yes
Degen, A., de [350] Hungary K000950609 Unknown Type Material Yes
{Dorsett & Dorsett} [3362] China K003592811 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [7494] Mongolia K003592809 Yes
[R. L. Lowe] [s.n.] K003592760 Yes
Ryves, D.B. [s.n.] Russia K003592776 Yes
Munro, W. [s.n.] Ukraine K000950611 Unknown Type Material Yes
Fayvush; et al. [s.n.] Armenia K003592623 Yes
s.coll. [1558] K003592757 Yes
Appleton, H. [264] K003592769 Yes
Transchel, W.A. [s.n.] Ukraine K000950606 Unknown Type Material Yes
[Turczaninoff] [s.n.] Russia K003592762 Yes
Bohnhof, H. [86] K003592758 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [6992] China K003592804 Yes
[Steven] [s.n.] K003592761 Yes
{St. George Littledale; Mrs. St. George Littledale} [s.n.] Mongolia K003592759 Yes
Sorokina, V.A.; Shemetova [s.n.] Ukraine K003592755 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [s.n.] Mongolia K003592805 Yes
Karelin; Kiriloff [s.n.] K003592764 Yes
s.coll. [12788] K003592772 Yes
Bornmuller, J. [3126] Türkiye K003592620 Yes
Alexeenko, T. [s.n.] Ukraine Agropyron cristatum subsp. ponticum K000950607 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kolakovsky, A. [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. ponticum K003592784 Yes
Laus-Olmütz, H. [s.n.] Hungary Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592590 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [22489] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592633 Yes
Guebhard [465] Romania Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592602 Yes
Davis; Coode [D37181] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592640 Yes
Furse, P. [3552] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592646 Yes
s.coll. [s.n] Spain Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592610 Yes
Davis [44680] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592643 Yes
von Degen, A. [348] Hungary Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592592 Yes
Hohenacker, T.F. [s.n.] Georgia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592647 Yes
[HK] [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592651 Yes
Rawi, A. [24609] Iraq Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592654 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [1592] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592662 Yes
von Degen, A. [349] Hungary Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592596 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [23700] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592631 Yes
Kerner [s.n.] Germany Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592601 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Romania Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592605 Yes
Laus, H. [s.n.] Serbia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592597 Yes
Merton, L.F.H. [3933] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592656 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [255] Armenia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592649 Yes
Stainton; Henderson [6146] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592645 Yes
Schaut [457S] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592661 Yes
Davis [46379] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592644 Yes
Golubkova, V.; Kravtzova, E.; Novopokrovsky, I.; Pojarkova, A.; Vassilczenko, I. [246] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592653 Yes
[H. A. Parsa] [192] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592659 Yes
McNeil [677] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592634 Yes
Bayer, J. [s.n.] Germany Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592599 Yes
Davis [45952] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592630 Yes
Saint-Lager, J.B. [s.n.] Spain Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592609 Yes
[Parnae] [8019] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592616 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592614 Yes
[Haffaer] [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592600 Yes
Davis, P.H.; Hedge, I.C. [D30596] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592636 Yes
von Degen, A. [s.n.] Germany Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592591 Yes
Cheese, M.J. [AC&W1490] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592629 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592641 Yes
Fischer; [Semée [s.n.] Armenia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592613 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [4552] Spain Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592608 Yes
Davis [44698] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592642 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [24128] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592627 Yes
Cretzoiu, P. [s.n.] Romania Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592603 Yes
Tauscher [s.n.] Hungary Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592594 Yes
Sintenis, P. [481] Turkmenistan Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592648 Yes
Behboudi, E.; Aellen, P. [[1]1944] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592655 Yes
Fischer [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592652 Yes
Mirfakhrayi [11120] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592660 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [22589] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592628 Yes
Holmberg [s.n.] Georgia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592650 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [1583] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592666 Yes
[C. K. Remiae] [s.n.] France Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592615 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [22864] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592632 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Italy Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592607 Yes
Behboudi, E.; Aellen, P. [1946] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592665 Yes
Wendelbo, P. [1311] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592658 Yes
Weber, F.; Svestka, F. [s.n.] Slovakia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592598 Yes
[Justin. A. Jourrhs] [81] Hungary Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592595 Yes
[J. Cauderm]; [F. Phenkea] [s.n.] France Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592606 Yes
Cheese, M.J. [AC&W1779] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592638 Yes
[Transhahr]; [Dezfoulian] [10385E] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592664 Yes
s.coll. [7-6-7-A] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592637 Yes
[Murzajan] [9067E] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592663 Yes
Davis; Polunin, O. [23291] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592635 Yes
Cowan; Darlington [2425] Iran Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592657 Yes
Davis [43907] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592639 Yes
McNeill [337] Türkiye Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592626 Yes
Veselsky [s.n.] Hungary Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592593 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592612 Yes
Domin, K.; Krajina, V.; Suza, J. [s.n.] Slovakia Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum K003592604 No
Drobov; Gomolitzky [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592735 Yes
Karjagin, I.; Safiev, B. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592743 Yes
s.coll. [1784] Agropyron aristatum K003592740 Yes
Krascheninnikov, H. [99] Russia Agropyron aristatum K003592723 Yes
Schipczinsky, N. [867] Kazakhstan Agropyron aristatum K003592729 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592736 Yes
Karjagin, I.; Safiev, B. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592744 No
Woronow [s.n.] Georgia Agropyron aristatum K003592742 No
Kutscherovskaja, S.E. [1843] Kazakhstan Agropyron aristatum K003592732 Yes
Ledebour [s.n.] Russia Agropyron aristatum K003592749 Yes
s.coll. [7151] Agropyron aristatum K003592733 Yes
Krassnow [s.d.] Agropyron aristatum K003592726 Yes
Dessiatoff [2203] Uzbekistan Agropyron aristatum K003592734 Yes
Ledebour [s.n.] Russia Agropyron aristatum K003592730 Yes
Peterson [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592725 Yes
Kotte, W. [1169] Türkiye Agropyron aristatum K003592746 Yes
Fetissow [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592750 Yes
Sintenis, P. [481] Agropyron aristatum K003592739 Yes
Hohenacker, R.F. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592741 Yes
Novopokrovsky, I.; Turkevicz, S. [880] Agropyron aristatum K003592738 Yes
Vassilczenko, I. [s.n.] Russia Agropyron aristatum K003592753 No
Bornmuller, J.; Bornmuller, A. [8474] Iran Agropyron aristatum K003592731 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592748 Yes
s.coll. [1016] Agropyron aristatum K003592747 Yes
Janata, A. [s.n.] Ukraine Agropyron aristatum K003592751 Yes
Spiro, W. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592737 Yes
Karo, F. [79] Russia Agropyron aristatum K003592727 Yes
Littledale, S.G.R. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592724 Yes
Akinfiev, I. [s.n.] Ukraine Agropyron aristatum K003592752 Yes
Dessiatoff, N. [1027] Uzbekistan Agropyron aristatum K003592745 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Agropyron aristatum K003592728 Yes
Webb [s.n.] Australia Agropyron pectinatum K000950597 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pantu, Z.C.; Solacolu, T. [353] Romania Agropyron cristatum subsp. brandzae K000950608 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Agropyron cristatum subsp. sclerophyllum K003592785 Yes
Matveeva, E. [[571]] Agropyron cristatum subsp. puberulum K003592754 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images