Rubiaceae
Crossopteryx

Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G.Don) Benth.

First published in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 381 (1849)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Caprivi Strip, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Calane da Silva, M., Izdine, S. & Amuse, A.B. (2004). A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Mozambique: 1-184. SABONET, Pretoria.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Curtis, B. & Mannheimer, C. (2005). Tree Atlas of Namibia: 1-688. The National Botanical Research Institute, Windhoek.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Mannheimer, C.A. & Curtis, B.A. (eds.) (2009). Le Roux and Müller's field guide to the trees and shrubs of Namibia, rev. ed.: 1-525. Macmillan Education Namibia, Windhoek.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mt. Mulanje, Malawi. Scripta Botanica Belgica 34: 1-199.
  • Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aubrév. Fl. For. Soud.-Guin. 455, t. 98, 1-2.
  • Chev. Bot. 309
  • in Fl. Nigrit. 381 (1849)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Ruhsam, M. (2005). Survey of all the Rubiaceae specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Benth. in Hook, Niger Fl.: 381 (1849).
  • Bridson & Troupin in Fl. Pl. Lign. Rwanda: 558, fig. 187/3 (1982).
  • Bridson, Troupin & Verdc. in Fl. Rwanda 3: 156, fig. 48/3 (1985).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 437 (1961).
  • F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 406 (1962).
  • Hiern in Flora of Tropical Africa 3: 43 (1877).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 494 (1949).
  • Keay, Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2: 113 (1963).
  • W.J. Eggeling, Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate, ed. 2: 342 (1952).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Mar 2, 2023 konomou, G.; Molmou, D.; Traore, M. [172] Guinea K001519207 Yes
Jan 1, 1971 Buchanan, J. [132] Malawi K000394952 Unknown Type Material Yes
Apr 18, 1969 Laferrere, M. [83] Burkina Faso K000386640 Yes
Jan 1, 1963 Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [4372] Burkina Faso K000386634 Yes
Kersting [45] Togo K004681911 Yes
Gereau, R.E.; Kayombo, C.J. [3646] K004682155 Yes
Lecard [101] K004681918 Yes
Chipp, T.F. [614] Ghana K004681902 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. [1008] K004682132 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [3302] K004682133 Yes
Small, D. [140] Sierra Leone K004681843 Yes
Thomas, A.S. [M9] Ghana K004681872 Yes
de Lemos, F.; Macuácua, L. [40] Mozambique K004682188 Yes
Sonke, B. (Simo, M.) [5279] Cameroon K001890176 Yes
Todd, H. [38] Cameroon K001480221 Yes
Simbiano, F.J.; Konaté, L. [388] Guinea K001970180 No
Simbiano, F.J.; Konaté, L. [315] Guinea K001970125 No
Simbiano, F.J.; Konaté, L. [286] Guinea K001970152 No
Marmo, V. [282] Sierra Leone K004681857 Yes
Monterio; Monteiro [s.n.] Angola K000394951 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pope, G.V.; Biegel, H. [840] Botswana K000489291 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [1882] Sierra Leone K004681835 Yes
Schmidt, H.H.; Amponsah, J.; Welsing, A. [1798] Ghana K004681868 Yes
Wild, H. [2625] Mozambique K004682191 Yes
Morton, J.K. [GC25287] Ghana K004681888 Yes
Michelmore, A.P.G. [787] K004682116 Yes
Haerdi, F. [29(75)] K004682125 Yes
Brent, R.W. [551] Ghana K004681908 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004681833 Yes
Tanner, R.E.S. [470] Tanzania K:SPC-13879.000 No
de Kruif, A.P.M. [549] Cote d'Ivoire K004681866 Yes
Kitson, A. (Sir) [673] Ghana K004681891 Yes
Don [s.n.] Sierra Leone K000394956 Unknown Type Material Yes
Boane, C. [32] Mozambique K001275084 Yes
Williams, L. [119] Ghana K004681896 Yes
Hall, J.B. [1342] Ghana K004681874 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [1764] Ghana K004681870 Yes
Frontier-Tanzania [2322] K004682126 Yes
Fournier, A. [413] Cote d'Ivoire K004681865 Yes
de Koning, J.; Maite, A. [9401] Mozambique K004682198 Yes
Willan, R.L. [292] K004682080 Yes
Harris, T.M. [s.n.] Ghana K004681875 Yes
Chipp, T.F. [752] Ghana K004681895 Yes
Jordan, H.D. [891] Sierra Leone K004681856 Yes
Bally; Smith, A.R. [B14336] K004682069 Yes
Borhidi, A.; Iversen, S.T.; Mziray, W.R.; Temu, R.P.C. [85601] K004682089 Yes
Adams, C.D. [4613] Ghana K004681878 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [4683] Burkina Faso K000386635 Yes
Adames, P. [222] Sierra Leone K004681839 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Kanuri [15173] K004682143 Yes
s.coll. [6773] Sierra Leone K004681829 Yes
{Gomes e Sousa} [4062] Mozambique K004682189 Yes
de Koning, J.; Groenendijk, E.M.C.; Dungo, J. [9620] Mozambique K004682196 Yes
Tanner, R. [2163] K004682083 Yes
Rulangaranga, Z.K.; Mbago, F.M.; Suleiman, H.O. [9] K004682141 Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. [324] Togo K004681917 Yes
{Mrs S. A. Robertson} [6643] K004682086 Yes
Richards, M. [19671] K004682114 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [1423] Ghana K004681904 Yes
Morton, J.K.; Ankrah, J.O. [GC8734] Ghana K004681886 Yes
Brent, R.W. [550] Ghana K004681909 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4860] Sierra Leone K004681842 Yes
Pirozynski, K.A. [P203] K004682113 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [1761] Sudan K000394954 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tanner, R. [1553] K004682079 Yes
Morton, J.K. [GC7303] Ghana K004681880 Yes
Adams; Akpabla [GC4460] Ghana K004681881 Yes
Ash [563] Ethiopia K:SPC-36389.000 No
Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. [2526] Cote d'Ivoire K004681863 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P.G. [7700] K004682161 Yes
Burbidge, K.G. [539] Sierra Leone K004681846 Yes
Goyder, D.J.; Alves, T.; Massingue, A. [6020] Mozambique K000787482 Yes
Patel, I.H.; Banda, C.S. [2062] Malawi K004682202 Yes
Tanner, R. [3433] K004682090 Yes
Shabani [1238] K004682118 Yes
[Gm. Culurim] [28] K004682149 Yes
Magogo, F.; Glover, P. [198] K004682070 Yes
Magogo [759] K004682150 Yes
Bremer, B. [3097] K004682142 Yes
Tanner, R. [4263] K004682078 Yes
[E.E.K.] [1050] Ghana K004681893 Yes
Thomas, D.G. [T65] Sierra Leone K004681852 Yes
Chipp, T.F. [472] Ghana K004681901 Yes
Barbosa, G.; Bettencourt, A.J. [5004] Mozambique K004682187 Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. [1012] Togo K004681919 Yes
Morton, J.K. [A626] Ghana K004681887 Yes
Adjakidje, V.; Agbani, P.; Yédomonhan, H. [1595] Benin K004681921 Yes
Kitson, A. (Sir) [938] Ghana K004681907 Yes
Morton; Jarr [SL1947] Sierra Leone K004681858 Yes
Ern, H. [3052] Togo K004681915 Yes
[H. Mush] [92] K004682148 Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. [517] Togo K004681914 Yes
[Hallow] [6] Sierra Leone K004681834 Yes
Gomes e Sousa, A. [4339] Mozambique K004682185 Yes
Burtt, B.D. [3709] K004682124 Yes
Jongkind, C.C.H.; Nieuwenhuis, C.M.J. [1879] Ghana K004681869 Yes
Tanner, R. [4336] K004682082 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [S864] K004682146 Yes
Rose Innes, R. [s.n.] Ghana K004681876 Yes
Warnecke [445] Togo K004681912 Yes
Swynnerton, C.F.M. [715] K004682130 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [6394] K004682162 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [S742] K004682145 Yes
Renvoize, S.A.; Abdallah, R.A. [2276] K004682160 Yes
Enti, A.A. [193] Ghana K004681903 Yes
Bjornstad, A. [AB1986] K004682158 Yes
Chevalier, A. [445] Mali K000386638 Yes
Kitson, A. (Sir) [891] Ghana K004681900 Yes
Shabani [1207] K004682119 Yes
Burrows, J.E.; Burrows, S.M.; Matimele, H.A.; Banze, A.C. [11373] Mozambique K000787458 Yes
Goodall [16601] Ghana K004681879 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [1681] Sierra Leone K004681844 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [3268] Cote d'Ivoire K004681861 Yes
Kitson, A. [674] Ghana K004681898 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P.G. [9550] K004682163 Yes
Mendes, O. [185] Mozambique K004682195 Yes
Lovett, J.; Congdon, T.C.E. [2924] K004682159 Yes
Robson, N.K.B.; Jackson [1189] Malawi K004682206 Yes
Patel, I.H.; Salubeni, A.J.; Banda, C.S. [1702] Malawi K004682205 Yes
Shabani, R. [17] K004682122 Yes
Maite, A.; de Koning, J.; Dungo, J. [179] Mozambique K004682197 Yes
Shabani [60] K004682085 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [3309] Cote d'Ivoire K004681860 Yes
Stolz, A. [1865] K004682134 Yes
Frontier-Tanzania [2261] K004682131 Yes
{Mrs S. A. Robertson}; Luke, Q. [6169] K004682075 Yes
Luke; Robertson [1720] K004682073 Yes
Rose Innes, R. [s.n.] Ghana K004681890 Yes
Pawek, J. [11713] Malawi K004682204 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Kaunda, K. [4044] Malawi K004682201 Yes
Smythe, C.W. [46] Sierra Leone K004681851 Yes
Martineau [250] Cote d'Ivoire K004681864 Yes
Tanner, R.E.S. [470] K004682081 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004681853 Yes
Stevenson, D. [4225] Ghana K004681906 Yes
Marshall, A.R.; Mwakisoma, R. [15] K004682137 Yes
Pirozynski, K.A. [P203] K004682112 Yes
Iversen, S.T.; Steiner, M.; Temu, R.P.C. [86803] K004682087 Yes
Renvoize, S.A.; Abdallah, R.A. [2278] K004682136 Yes
Swynnerton, C.F.M. [750] K004682128 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004681849 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [190] Ghana K004681894 Yes
[A.C.K.] [1118] Ghana K004681897 Yes
Hall, J.B. [1974] Ghana K004681877 Yes
Moomaw, J.C. [1272] K004682072 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [93] Sierra Leone K004681830 Yes
Groenendijk, E.M.C.; Costa; Cruz [645] Mozambique K004682199 Yes
Chevalier, A. [445] Mali K000386639 Yes
Magogo, F.; Glover, P. [100] K004682071 Yes
Miszewski, K. [35] Sierra Leone K004681831 Yes
Thomas, A.S. [D166] Ghana K004681871 Yes
Lovett, P.; Kayombo, C. [373] K004682153 Yes
Shabani [258] K004682139 Yes
Menyhart [593] Mozambique K004682190 Yes
Boaler, S.B. [454] K004682077 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5478] Sierra Leone K004681840 Yes
Jordan, H.D. [894] Sierra Leone K004681855 Yes
Frontier-Tanzania [544] K004682127 Yes
Adams, C.D.; Akpabia, G.K. [4460] Ghana K004681899 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4354] Sierra Leone K004681838 Yes
Procter, J. [1691] K004682157 Yes
Mildbraed [7203] Togo K004681910 Yes
Swynnerton, C.F.M. [1257] K004682129 Yes
Wallace, G.B. [28] K004682121 Yes
Kotschy [532] Ethiopia K000394955 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kotschy [532] Ethiopia K000394953 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jansen, P.C.M. [PJ8102] Mozambique K004682194 Yes
Allen, C.E.F. [128] Mozambique K004682186 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004681832 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [45] Sierra Leone K004681837 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17518] Malawi K004682200 Yes
Smith, P.A. [2067] Botswana K000489292 Yes
Merello, M.; Schmidt, H.H.; Amponsah, J.; Chintoh, M.; Baah, K. [1609] Ghana K004681885 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4059] Sierra Leone K004681841 Yes
Bally; Smith, A.R. [B14327] K004682076 Yes
Poole, C.E.L. [33] Sierra Leone K004681847 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4790] Sierra Leone K004681836 Yes
[T.M. Masegawh] [32] K004682115 Yes
Merello, M.; Schmidt, H.; Amponsah, J.; Welsing, A.; Baah, K. [1472] Ghana K004681867 Yes
Howard, J.A.C. [13] K004682120 Yes
MacDonald, E. [25] Sierra Leone K004681845 Yes
Vigne, C. [1588] Ghana K004681892 Yes
s.coll. [56] Ghana K004681905 Yes
Iversen, S.T.; Mziray, W.R.; Persson, E.; Pocs, T. [87140] K004682088 Yes
Wild, H. [2625] Mozambique K004682192 Yes
s.coll. [6169] Niger K004681922 Yes
Lovett, J.; Kayombo, C.J. [4245] K004682152 Yes
Stolz, A. [1886] K004682135 Yes
Mgaza, C.D. [826] K004682151 Yes
Ruffo [79] K004682144 Yes
{J. J. F. E. de Wilde} [3234] Cote d'Ivoire K004681859 Yes
Hedberg, O.; et al. [269] K004682084 Yes
Shabani, R. [89] K004682123 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B7494] K004682117 Yes
Kitson, A. [708] Ghana K004681873 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004681854 Yes
Shabani [171] K004682138 Yes
Kayombo, C.J. [1050] K004682154 Yes
Pope, G.V.; Biegel, H. [840] Botswana K000489290 Yes
Jansen, P.C.M.; Schäfer, P.A.; Nuvunga, A. [PJ7602] Mozambique K004682193 Yes
Luke; Robertson [1744] K004682074 Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. [343] Togo K004681916 Yes
Enti, A.A. [FH7592] Ghana K004681882 Yes
Wigg, L. [1009] K004682156 Yes
Sihvonen, J. [29] Burkina Faso K000386636 Yes
Enti, A.A. [R669] Ghana K004681883 Yes
Pasch [7860] Togo K004681920 Yes
Baumann [384] Togo K004681913 Yes
Wallace, G.B. [251] K004682147 Yes
Ngoundai [163] K004682140 Yes
Salubeni, A.J. [1439] Malawi K004682203 Yes
Oldeman, R.A.A. [293] Cote d'Ivoire K004681862 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5478] Sierra Leone K004681848 Yes
Enti, A.A. [FE-2090] Ghana K004681884 Yes
Ankrah, J.O. [GC20204] Ghana K004681889 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K004681850 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [9550A] Tanzania K:SPC-26706.000 No

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    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0