Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps

First published in Useful Pl. Dominica: 277 (1998)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tanzania, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N. Australia. It is a climber and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, as a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Hainan, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Benin, Burkina, Cabinda, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Florida, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Hawaii, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mauritius, New Caledonia, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-023-09756-w. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2021). Flora of North America North of Mexico 10: 1-456. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Singh, V., Singh, P. & Dash, S.S. (eds.) (2021). Flora of India 9: 1-482. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Turner, I.M. (2020). https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-8891. epublication.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne. [Cited as Quisqualis indica.]
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis). [Cited as Quisqualis indica.]

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Kew's Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 90-106: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. (2014). New plant records for the Hawaiian islands 2012-2013. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 115: 7-17.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Singh, V., Singh, P. & Dash, S.S. (eds.) (2021). Flora of India 9: 1-482. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1948-1954). Flora Malesiana 4: 1-631. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Wickens, G.E. (1973). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Combretaceae: 1-99.
  • Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
May 1, 2008 Luke, P.A.; W.R.Q. [9361] Tanzania K000565477 No
Jul 1, 2001 Sinsin, B. [3384] Benin K001562444 Yes
Carvalho, M. F.; Fernandez Casas, J. [4215-3] Equatorial Guinea K001614743 Yes
Tanzania K000565477 No
Mar 1, 2014 van Meer, P.P.C. [671] Nigeria Quisqualis indica K000812465 Yes
Aug 10, 2004 Reynoso et al. [17224] Philippines Quisqualis indica K000171541 Yes
Aug 10, 2004 Reynoso et al. [24446] Philippines Quisqualis indica K000171540 No
Aug 10, 2004 Reynoso, E.; Majaducon, R. [24475] Philippines Quisqualis indica K000171539 No
Vanderyst, H. [4325] Congo, Democratic Republic of the Quisqualis indica K004402866 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Trinidad and Tobago Quisqualis indica K004402967 Yes
Prévost, M.F. [3903] French Guiana Quisqualis indica K004402970 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402980 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 4010] Burma Quisqualis indica K001117908 Unknown Type Material Yes
Moutramboté; Dowsett-Lemaire [4489] Congo, Democratic Republic of the Quisqualis indica K004402863 Yes
Mann, G. [2212] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K000050835 Yes
Baron Eggers [383] Virgin Islands Quisqualis indica K004402958 Yes
Bos, J.J. [4175] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K004402861 Yes
s.coll. [s.d.] Quisqualis indica K004402971 Yes
Cheek, M. [11477] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K001518824 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402979 Yes
[F. Vermoesen] [1227] Congo, Democratic Republic of the Quisqualis indica K004402864 Yes
Champion, J.G. [s.n.] Hong Kong Quisqualis indica K000786142 Unknown Type Material Yes
Prévost, M.F.; Sabatier, D. [4890] French Guiana Quisqualis indica K004402969 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 4010] Burma Quisqualis indica K001117909 Unknown Type Material Yes
Heller, A.A.; Halbach, E.G. [974] Puerto Rico Quisqualis indica K004402960 Yes
Troupin, G. [16390] Rwanda Quisqualis indica K004402868 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402977 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402963 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 4010] Burma Quisqualis indica K001117906 Unknown Type Material Yes
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 4010] Burma Quisqualis indica K001117907 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402974 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya Quisqualis indica K004402992 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 4010] Quisqualis indica K001117905 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402959 Yes
Thomson, A.P. [39] Gabon Quisqualis indica K004402871 Yes
Greenway [1821] Tanzania Quisqualis indica K004402975 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402991 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402990 Yes
Ortega, J.G. [7214] Mexico Quisqualis indica K004402957 Yes
Sandeman, C.A.W. [2108] Paraguay Quisqualis indica K004402972 Yes
Hutchinson, J.; Metcalfe, C.R. [166] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K000050831 Yes
Taylor, H.C. [10905] Quisqualis indica K004402978 Yes
Burton, C. [s.n.] Congo, Republic of the Quisqualis indica K004402865 Yes
Orcutt, C.R. [2659] Jamaica Quisqualis indica K004402964 Yes
Millett, C. [s.n.] China Quisqualis indica K000786141 Unknown Type Material Yes
Reekmans, M. [10710] Burundi Quisqualis indica K004402869 Yes
Latilo, M.G.; Daramola, B.O. [FHI34496] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K004402862 Yes
Chapman, J.D.; Chapman, E.G. [8941] Malawi Quisqualis indica K004402981 Yes
Mann, G. [20] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K000050833 Yes
Venkanna, P. [5184] India Quisqualis indica K004402989 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H15318] Dominican Republic Quisqualis indica K004402965 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Demissew, S.; Vollesen, K.B. [7365] Ethiopia Quisqualis indica K004402875 Yes
Reekmans, M. [10710] Burundi Quisqualis indica K004402867 Yes
Prévost, M.F.; Sabatier, D. [4890] French Guiana Quisqualis indica K004402968 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Kenya Quisqualis indica K004402993 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Quisqualis indica K004402988 Yes
Bates, G.L. [486] Gabon Quisqualis indica K004402870 Yes
Miller, O.O.; Johnston, J.R. [91] Venezuela Quisqualis indica K004402973 Yes
Harris, W. [12074] Jamaica Quisqualis indica K004402962 Yes
Curtiss, A.H. [760] Cuba Quisqualis indica K004402961 Yes
Hutchinson, J.; Metcalfe, C.R. [166] Cameroon Quisqualis indica K000050832 Yes
Geilinger [1530] Tanzania Quisqualis indica K004402976 Yes
Freeman, W.G. [11971] Trinidad and Tobago Quisqualis indica K004402966 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0