Poaceae
Cenchrus

Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone

First published in Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 127 (2010)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Benin to S. Tropical Africa. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Togo, Zambia

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Alabama, Amur, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, California, Central European Russia, Chile Central, Chile North, China North-Central, Colombia, Colorado, Comoros, Connecticut, Cuba, Cyprus, Delaware, District of Columbia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Fiji, Florida, Gambia, Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kazan-retto, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krym, Kuril Is., Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Magadan, Maine, Mali, Marianas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Nevada, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, Niger, North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northern Provinces, Northwest European Russia, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Puerto Rico, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Réunion, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan-South Sudan, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yemen

Recorded in error in:

Jawa

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2021). https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/bocm.75354. epublication.
  • Engelmaier, P. & Wilhalm, T. (2018). Alien grasses (Poaceae) in the flora of the Eastern Alps. Neilreichia 9: 177-245.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Kew Species Profiles

  • Beentje, H. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Brink, M. & Belay, G. (2006). Cereals and Pulses: Volume 1 of Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. PROTA.
  • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
  • Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-book: a Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses. Third edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2008). Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.1. epublication.
  • (2021). https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/bocm.75354. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Aké Assi, L. (2002). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II. Boissiera 58: 1-401.
  • Al-Rawi, A. (1987). Flora of Kuwait 2: 1-455. Alden Press Ltd., U.K.
  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1993). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 2(2): 433-968. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Camus, E.G. & Camus, A. in H. Lecomte (1922). Flore Générale de l'indo-Chine 1(3): 193-336.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Engelmaier, P. & Wilhalm, T. (2018). Alien grasses (Poaceae) in the flora of the Eastern Alps. Neilreichia 9: 177-245.
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  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
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  • Gillet, H. (1968). Le peuplement végétal du massif de l'Ennedi (Tchad). Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Serie B. Botanique 17: 1-206.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hubbard, C.E. & Vaughan, R.E. (1940). Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez: 1-128. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Lebrun, J.P. (1973). Énumération des plantes vasculaires du Sénégal: 1-209. Maisons Alfort: Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.
  • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
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  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1957). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 1: 1-547. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
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  • de Cordemoy, E.J. (1895). Flore de l'ile de la Réunion: 1-574. Librairie des sciences naturelles Paul Klincksieck, Paris.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Th. W. Sokolow [s.n.] Russia Setaria glauca K003338519 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131076 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [567] Russia Setaria glauca K003338524 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8639] Nepal Setaria glauca K001131075 Unknown Type Material Yes
Litvinow, D. [2275] Turkmenistan Setaria glauca K003338520 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131068 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sintenis, P. [1983] Russia Setaria glauca K003338523 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8639] Nepal Setaria glauca K001131074 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] India Setaria glauca K001131072 Unknown Type Material Yes
Price, M.P. [149] Russia Setaria glauca K003338525 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Bangladesh Setaria glauca K001131071 Unknown Type Material Yes
N. [Palczevsky]; Komarov, V. [135 m,? ] Russia Setaria glauca K003338526 Yes
Westberg, G. [s.n.] Latvia Setaria glauca K003338528 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia Setaria glauca K003338521 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131073 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131069 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bohnhof, M.H. [206] Russia Setaria glauca K003338527 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131070 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131077 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131065 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131067 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8639] Setaria glauca K001131066 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Russia Setaria glauca K003338522 Yes
Takhtadjan, A. [0231] Vietnam Pennisetum typhoideum K002201740 Yes
May 1, 1998 Cable, S.; Sui, A. [3013] Cameroon Pennisetum glaucum K001422540 Yes
Schimper [1811] Ethiopia Pennisetum glaucum K000281150 Unknown Type Material Yes
[5939] Egypt Pennisetum glaucum K002200828 Yes
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [8990] Cameroon Pennisetum glaucum K002203211 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Spain Pennisetum glaucum K002200672 No
[106] Yemen Pennisetum glaucum K002200827 Yes
Barbosa, G.; Balsinhas, A. [5287] Mozambique Pennisetum glaucum K002926251 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Spain Pennisetum glaucum K002200670 No
Yao, K. [9203] China Pennisetum glaucum K002201253 Yes
Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C.; Westphal, E. [9579] Pennisetum glaucum K002927191 Yes
[Porager, H.P.] [s.n.] Pennisetum glaucum K001056162 Unknown Type Material Yes
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [9705] Cameroon Pennisetum glaucum K002203212 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, G.S.; Host, P.; Wondafrash, M.; Kebede, S. [6857] Ethiopia Pennisetum glaucum K002203828 Yes
Bredemann, G.; Nieser, O. [38] Spain Pennisetum glaucum K002200673 No
Schimper [241] Ethiopia Pennisetum glaucum K002203829 Yes
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [9326] Cameroon Pennisetum glaucum K002203213 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Spain Pennisetum glaucum K002200671 No
Furuse, M. [1474] Japan Pennisetum glaucum K002201254 Yes
Quartin-Dillon; Petit [186] Ethiopia Pennisetum glaucum K000281149 Type Yes
[19600] Egypt Pennisetum glaucum K002200829 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8644] Penicillaria spicata K001131106 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8644] Penicillaria spicata K001131103 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8644] Penicillaria spicata K001131105 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8644] India Penicillaria spicata K001131104 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0