Amaranthaceae
Chenopodiastrum

Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch

First published in Willdenowia 42: 14 (2012)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Europe, Medit. to NE. Tropical Africa and Sri Lanka. It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Central European Russia, Chad, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Western Sahara, Yemen, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Alabama, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Ascension, Bahamas, Bermuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, California, Cape Provinces, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China South-Central, Colombia, Connecticut, Cuba, Delaware, Denmark, Desventurados Is., District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, Florida, Free State, Galápagos, Georgia, Great Britain, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Illinois, Indiana, Ireland, Jamaica, Jawa, Juan Fernández Is., Kentucky, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Missouri, Namibia, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Nicaragua, Niger, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Norway, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Peru, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saskatchewan, Senegal, South Australia, South Carolina, St.Helena, Swaziland, Sweden, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tristan da Cunha, Turks-Caicos Is., Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Wisconsin, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.1.1. epublication.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • George, A.S. & Menadue, M. (eds.) (1984). Flora of Australia 4: 1-354. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. & Edmandson, J.R. (eds.) (2016). Flora of Iraq 5(1): 1-284. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 1-331. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sukhorukov, A.P. & Kushunina, M. (2014). Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Nepal. Phytotaxa 191: 10-44.
  • Sukhorukov, A.P., Liu, P.L. & Kushunina, M. (2019). Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet. PhytoKeys 116: 1-141.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2020). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(1): 1-378. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.

Flora of Iraq

  • Sukhorukov & Akopyan, Comp. Chenop. Cauc.: 22 (2013).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1994). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 1: 1-336. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flore des Mascareignes 136-148: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1-1692. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. I. Pteridophyta à Rosaceae. Candollea 47: 113-179.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 4: 1-559. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Garcillán, P.P. & al. (2013). Plantas no nativas naturalizadas de la península de Baja California, México. Botanical Sciences 91: 461-475.
  • George, A.S. & Menadue, M. (eds.) (1984). Flora of Australia 4: 1-354. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
  • Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. (2009). Alien plants and their impact on Tristan da Cunha 2: 1-307. Overseas Territories Environment Programme (OTEP).
  • Hedge, I.C., Akhani, H., Freitag, H., Kothe-Heinrich, G., Podlech, D., Rilke, S. & Uotila, P. (1997). Flora Iranica 172: 1-371. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jaramillo Díaz, P. & Guézou, A. (2017). CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galápagos http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/vascular-plants/.
  • Jonsell, B. (ed.) (2001). Flora Nordica 2: 1-430. The Bergius Foundaton.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Llewellyn, O.A., Hall, M., Miller, A.G., Al-Abbasi, T.M., Al-Wetaid, A.H., Al-Harbi, R.J. & Al-Shammari, K.F. (2011). Important plant areas in the Arabian peninsula: 4. Jabal Aja. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 68: 199-224.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Miller, A.G. & Cope, T.A. (1996). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 1: 1-586. Edinburgh university press.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Packer, J.E. (1974). Ascension Handbook. A concise guide to Ascension Island South Atlantic ed. 2 Packer, Georgetown.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Quézel, P. (1958). Mission Botanique au Tibesti: 1-357. Université d'Alger.
  • Shaheen, H., Qureshi, R., Akram, A., Gulfraz, M. & Potter, D. (2014). A preliminary floristic checklist of Thal desert Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistn Journal of Botany 46: 13-18.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sukhorukov, A.P. & Kushunina, M. (2014). Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Nepal. Phytotaxa 191: 10-44.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) in Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1993). Flora of Somalia 1: 1-493. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1948-1954). Flora Malesiana 4: 1-631. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2020). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(1): 1-378. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 1, 2023 Guichard, K.M. [13] Morocco K001035633 No
Rawi; Gillett [6083] Iraq K005377697 Yes
Casey, E.C. [52] Cyprus K005377722 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [831] K005377891 Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rawi, A.; Rechinger, K.H. [19209] Iraq K005377707 Yes
Rawi; Gillett [5984] Iraq K005377695 Yes
Moraes, J.C. [s.n.] Brazil K001204978 Yes
Alizzi, H.; [H. Thaib]; [Janan] [32576] Iraq K005377689 Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rawi, A.; Rechinger, K.H. [19221] Iraq K005377706 Yes
Riedel [s.n.] Brazil K001204984 Yes
Alizzi, H. [34354] Iraq K005377684 Yes
Wheeler, B.E.J. [155] Malta K005377580 Yes
Thamer [47405] Iraq K005377716 Yes
[Cowan]; [Darlington] [69] Iraq K005377694 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [s.n.] Portugal K005377569 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [026] Iraq K005377698 Yes
Sheahan, M-C. [MCS283] United Kingdom K000696389 No
Glaziou [4179] Brazil K001204985 Yes
Burchell [1195] Brazil K001204979 Yes
Tedd, H.G. [101] Greece K005377589 Yes
Barkley, F.A.; Barkley, E.D. [6399] Iraq K005377690 Yes
[Ali Rawi] [15012] Iraq K005377710 Yes
Gardner [5589] Brazil K001204981 Yes
s.coll. [42447] Iraq K005377714 Yes
Gandoger, M. [12065] Greece K005377586 Yes
Gratz [s.n.] Austria K005377584 Yes
Chapman, E. [458] Cyprus K005377720 Yes
[M. Rihoda] [s.n.] K005377590 Yes
[Al-Dabagh]; [Al-Kaisi] [41915] Iraq K005377713 Yes
Barclay, C. (Sir) [1829] Greece K005377587 Yes
Gratz [s.n.] Austria K005377583 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Portugal K005377571 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [12918] Greece K005377588 Yes
Oswald, P.H. [5] Cyprus K005377721 Yes
Sukhorukov, A. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001572523 Yes
[Chakravarty]; [Rawi]; [Khatib]; [Tikrity] [29884] Iraq K005377687 Yes
Manoog Haradjian [271] Cyprus K005377725 Yes
[Alizzi] [34176] Iraq K005377691 Yes
Guest, E.R.; Rawi, A.; Rechinger, K.H. [17407] Iraq K005377709 Yes
[Al-Dabagh]; [Al-Kaisi] [41891] Iraq K005377712 Yes
[Rawi]; [Shahani] [25467] Iraq K005377701 Yes
[Ch Murati] [498] Malta K005377581 Yes
Karim, F.; Hamid, H. [37800] Iraq K005377715 Yes
Todaro [1026] Italy K005377576 Yes
Hillebrand (Dr) [s.n.] K005378079 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Iraq K005377693 Yes
[Ali Rawi] [25930] Iraq K005377700 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [5050] Cyprus K005377718 Yes
Guest; Rawi; Rechinger [19221] Iraq K005377704 Yes
Barkley, F.A.; Brahim, J. [1207] Iraq K005377686 Yes
Atherton, G.E. [23] Cyprus K005377723 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [33627] Iraq K005377708 Yes
Chapman, E. [458] Cyprus K005377719 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Lack, H.W. [20401] Hungary K005377582 Yes
Whiting, M.M. [L96] Spain K005377572 Yes
Porta [s.n.] Italy K005377575 Yes
Atherton, G.E. [1256] Cyprus K005377724 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [11702] Iraq K005377705 Yes
[Ponladin] [s.n.] Italy K005377579 Yes
[Aftan al-Rawi] [19908] Iraq K005377699 Yes
[Khalib]; [Alizzi]; [Chakravarty]; [Rawi] [31506] Iraq K005377685 Yes
Thamer; Wedad [47291] Iraq K005377711 Yes
Pickerin, M. [5550] Portugal K000609213 No
Schinini, A.; Sánchez García, S. [30577] Spain K005377574 Yes
Omar, S. [34497] Iraq K005377692 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Portugal K005377570 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [069] Iraq K005377696 Yes
Rechinger, K.H. [11702] Iraq K005377703 Yes
Saint-Hilaire, A. [C2/1852] Brazil K001204982 Yes
Glaziou [1878] Brazil K001204983 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil K001204986 Yes
Todaro [s.n.] Italy K005377578 Yes
Harley, R.M. [24228] Brazil K001204987 Yes
Todaro [1026] Italy K005377577 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005377585 Yes
Barkley, F.A. [32Ir2487] Iraq K005377688 Yes
[P. Americanos]; [Ak] [ARI1703] Cyprus K005377717 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [19198] Spain K005377573 Yes
Alizzi; Omar, S. [34914] Iraq K005377683 Yes
[Weuzor] [s.n.] K005377591 Yes
[Ali Rawi]; [Sh. Haddad] [25740] Iraq K005377702 Yes
Silva, L.A.M. [2311] Brazil K001204988 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6953] India Chenopodium gandhium K001126345 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6953] India Chenopodium gandhium K001126344 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6953] Chenopodium gandhium K001126347 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6953] India Chenopodium gandhium K001126346 Unknown Type Material Yes
Blinkworth, R. [Cat. no. 6953] India Chenopodium gandhium K001126348 Unknown Type Material Yes
South Africa Chenopodium murale K000243864 Type No
El-azazi, E. [s.n.] Qatar Chenopodium murale K005550235 Yes
Walter, J. [9120] Austria Chenopodium murale K001873498 No
Spellenberg, R. [s.n.] Yemen Chenopodium murale K005550236 Yes
Cope, T.A. [RBG 472] United Kingdom Chenopodium murale K000914043 Yes
Sheahan, M.C. [MCS322] United Kingdom Chenopodium murale K000696753 No
Jan 1, 1975 Hooker, J.D. [868] Australia Rhagodia baccata var. congesta K000898385 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia Rhagodia baccata var. congesta K000898384 Type Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Iraq

    • Ghazanfar, S. A., Edmondson, J. R. (Eds). (2013-2019). Flora of Iraq, Volumes 5.1, 5.2 and 6.0. Kew Publishing
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0