[FWTA]
Moringaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:1. 1954
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees with gummy bark
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves deciduous, alternate, 2–3 times pinnate, pinnae opposite; stipules none, or represented by stipitate glands at the base of the petioles and pinnae
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers in axillary panicles, white or red, hermaphrodite, zygomorphic
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx-tube short, with 5 unequal spreading or reflexed lobes, the fifth posticous, imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals 5, the two upper smaller, the lateral ones ascending, the anticous larger
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Nectaries
- Disk lining the calyx-tube, with a short free margin
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens inserted on the margin of the disk, declinate, 5 perfect, alternating with the same number of antherless stamens or reduced to setae; filaments free; anthers dorsifixed, 1-celled, opening lengthwise by a slit
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary stipitate, terete, villous, curved, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas; style terminal, slender, tubular, truncate at the apex; ovules numerous, in 2 series on each placenta
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Capsule long, beaked, 3–6-angled, torulose, 1-celled, 3-valved
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds 3-winged or not; embryo without endosperm, straight
[FTEA]
Moringaceae, Bernard Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1986
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees, sometimes with swollen trunks, shrubs or small woody subshrubs with tuberous rootstocks (often smelling and tasting of horseradish); wood often brittle and bark sometimes resinous or gummy
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves petiolate, alternate, deciduous or rachis of pinnae sometimes persistent, 1-3-imparipinnate; leaflets mainly opposite, entire; stipules and stipels absent or minute but sometimes with stipitate glands at the base of the petioles and pinnae
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers regular in 3 species and nearly so in two others but somewhat irregular in the rest, hermaphrodite, white, red or yellow, often numerous in axillary panicles, the floral parts borne on a cup-like or in one species tubular receptacle
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 5, free above the receptacle, equal or unequal, imbricate in bud, the fifth posticous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens inserted on the margin of the disk or epipetalous, declinate, 5 perfect ones alternating with 3-5 staminodes or setae; filaments free or partly united; anthers dorsifixed, 1-thecous, opening lengthwise by a slit, sometimes cohering; pollen grains trizonocolporate, with smooth exine
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary superior, stipitate, cylindrical, 1-locular of 3 carpels and with 3 parietal placentas; style terminal, slender, tubular with open canal, truncate at the apex and without stigmatic lobes; ovules numerous in 2 series on each placenta, pendulous, anatropous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Capsule elongate, beaked, 3-valved, 3-6-angled, sometimes torulose
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds unwinged or with 3 conspicuous wings, the wings hardened or membranous; embryo straight; endosperm absent
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or perennial herbs with tuberous rootstocks, often smelling of horse-radish
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, 1–3-imparipinnate; leaflets mainly opposite, entire; stipules and stipels absent or minute but sometimes with stipitate glands at base of petioles and pinnae
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Flowers in axillary panicles, regular or somewhat irregular, bisexual
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
- Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, imbricate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens 5 fertile alternating with 3–5 staminodes; filaments free or partly united; anthers dorsifixed, 1-thecous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary superior, cylindrical, 1-celled of 3 carpels; style terminal, slender, without stigmatic lobes; ovules numerous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Capsule elongate, 3-valved
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds often with 3 conspicuous wings; endosperm absent; embryo straight.
- Distribution
- Family with a single genus native from Africa, Arabia e India.
[NTK]
Every, J.L.R. (2010). Neotropical Moringaceae.
- Morphology
-
Description
Woody , deciduous trees; rootstocks tuberous. Leaves alternate , compound , 3- pinnate ; leaflets entire in 4-6 pairs, ovate , elliptic , or oblong , glabrous at maturity; stipules glandular at base of petiole and leaflets. Inflorescence axillary panicles, bracteate. Flowers bisexual ; sepals 5, lanceolate to linear - lanceolate , usually puberulent ; petals 5, free , spatulate; stamens 5, free from and opposite corolla members, hairy at base, staminodes 5 alternating with stamens, filaments encircling disk, anthers dorsifixed, dehiscing via full-length slits; ovary superior , syncarpous, hairy, gynophore present, carpels 3, locule 1, ovules numerous, style 1, hollow, stigma minute. Fruit a capsule , woody , 3-valved. Seeds numerous, 3-angled, wings 0.5-1 cm wide (rarely absent).
- Distribution
-
Distribution in the Neotropics
- Arid areas, recorded in the Caribbean, parts of Central America and Mexico.
- Diagnostic
-
Other important characters
- Leaflets in 4 - 6 pairs, puberulous when young and glabrous at maturity.
- Sepals usually puberulent.
- Seeds often winged.
- Can be distinguished from the Papilionoideae of the Leguminosae which have (9-)10(-many) stamens.
- The flowers of Moringa resemble 'inverted' pea flowers with 2 dorsal sepals and 1 dorsal petal usually remaining unreflexed and forming a projecting "keel", while the rest of the perianth reflexes down to form a "banner" at right angles to the "keel" (Lianli & Olson 2001).
- Spiral, deciduous, compound, 3-pinnate leaves.
- Conspicuous glands often secreting clear or amber liquid at the petiole and leaflet bases.
- Widely-spreading, paniculate inflorescence, 10-30cm long.
- Linear bracts ca. 1mm.
- Three-angled, capsular fruits.
- General Description
-
Number of genera
- One: Moringa Rheede ex Adans.(introduced).
- No native genera.
- M. oleifera Lamark is cultivated for its many uses especially as a high vitamin leaf crop.
- Currently placed within the Brassicales (APGIII).
- Literature
-
Important literature
APG III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(3): 105-121.
Culham, A.C. 2007. Moringaceae. In: V.H. Heywood, R.K. Brummitt, A. Culham and O. Seberg (eds.). Flowering Plant Families of the World. Pp 173-174. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lianli, L., and M.E. Olson. 2001. Moringaceae. In: Raven, P.H., I. Al-Shehbaz, and G. Zhu, (eds.). Flora of China vol. 8: 196. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Mabberley, D.J. 2008. Mabberley's plant book. Third edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Stevens, P.F. 2008. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9 onwards. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards). The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version 3rd March 2009. http://delta-intkey.com
Moringaceae Martinov appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 404. 1820 [3 Aug 1820] (1820)
Accepted by
- APG IV (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Literature
Flora of Somalia
- Cuf. Enum.: 162–163 (1954)
- Fl. Eth. Er. 2(1): 155–162 (2000).
- Fl. Trop. E. Afr. (1986)
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
- Verdcourt in Kew Bull. 40: 1–23 (1985)
-
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Neotropikey
Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0