[NTK]
Torres, R.B. (2009). Neotropical Ulmaceae.
- Morphology
-
Description
Trees or shrubs, unarmed , andromonoecious or dioecious . Leaves alternate , distichous , simple , margins entire or serrate , venation pinnate , rarely trinerved , cystoliths sometimes present, deciduous or persistent , stipules lateral . Inflorescence axillary , racemose, fasciculate or paniculate. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, little showy, white, yellowish or greenish; perianth 4-5 (-9) lobed ; stamens 4-16, opposite to the perianth lobes; anthers longitudinally dehiscent , ovary superior , sessile or stipitate; carpels 2, 1 (-2) locular, locule 1-ovulate, pendulous placentation. Fruit a samara or drupe ; seeds with thin testa.
- General Description
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Notes on delimitation
- The Ulmaceae were previously divided into two tribes or subfamilies - The Ulmoideae and Celtidoideae. Data on morphology, cytology, chemistry and molecular evidence indicate, however, that the Ulmaceae and Cannabaceae (Celtidaceae) are distinct families and that the Cannabaceae (Celtidaceae) is closer to the Moraceae, and some other families in the Urticales, than to the Ulmaceae. The positioning of Ampelocera in Ulmaceae is still controversial.
- Three genera and 13 species in the Neotropics: Ampelocera (9 spp.) Phyllostylon (2 spp.) and Ulmus (2 sp.).
- Species of Ampelocera are hardwood and are used in building homes, furniture or dormant, likewise Ulmus mexicana, whose wood is also heavy and durable. The bark of Ampelocera edentula Kuhlm. is astringent, toxic and ulcerative, and it is used by the population of the Pichis valley, Peru, for tattoos.
- Native: Ampelocera, Phyllostylon and Ulmus (Ulmus mexicana Planch. and U. ismaelis Todzia & Panero).
- Distribution
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Distribution in the Neotropics
Family of about 7 genera and 40 species, distributed in temperate and tropical regions. In the Neotropics there are 3 genera and about 13 species:
- Ampelocera Klotzsch - Mexico, Central America, Cuba, Hispaniola, Amazon basin, Bolivia to southern Brazil.
- Phyllostylon Capanema ex Benth. - Mexico, Caribbean islands to Paraguay and Argentina, and southern Brazil.
- Ulmus L. - Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama.
- Diagnostic
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Distinguishing characters (always present)
- Unarmed trees or shrubs.
- Leaves simple, alternate, distichous, with stipules.
- Flowers bisexual or unisexual.
- Fruit samara or drupaceous.
Key differences from Cannabaceae and Moraceae:
- Plants without latex, unarmed (sometimes armed in Cannabaceae, usually with latex in Moraceae).
- Leaves simple, alternate, distichous, sometimes with cystoliths, stipules lateral (leaves simple or compound, alternate or opposite, without cystoliths, stipules lateral in Cannabaceae; Moraceae generally with simple leaf, alternate, rarely opposite, without cystoliths, usually terminalstipule).
- Perianthimbricate at pre-anthesis (imbricate in Cannabaceae, imbricate or valvular in Moraceae).
- Fruit samara or drupaceous (drupe or achene in Cannabaceae and Moraceae, sometimes forming compoundfruit (syconium) in the latter).
Key to genera of the Neotropical Ulmaceae
1. Leaves with entire or serrate margin, secondary veins curved before the margin — 2
1. Leaves with serrate or biserrate margin, at least some secondary veins terminating at the margin — Ulmus2. Fruit a samara with 2 unequal, falcate wings — Phyllostylon
2. Fruit drupaceous —. AmpeloceraOr
1. Fruit drupaceous — Ampelocera
1. Fruit a samara — 22. Samara 1-winged — Ulmus
2. Samara with 2 unequal and falcate wings — Phyllostylon - Literature
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Important literature
Linares, J.L. 2005. Primer registro de Ulmus ismaelis (Ulmaceae) para Centroamérica. Revista Mexic. de Biodiv. 76 (1): 95-98.
Nee, M. 1984. Ulmaceae. Flora de Vera Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Vera Cruz. Fascículo 40, p. 34-38.
Sytsma, K.J., Morawetz. J., Pires, J.C., Nepokroff, M., Conti, E., Zjhra, M., Hall, J.C. & Chase, M.W. 2002. Urticalean Rosids: circumscription, Rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on rbcL, trnL-F, and ndhF sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 89(9): 1531-1546.
Todzia, C.A. 1989. A revision of Ampelocera (Ulmaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1087-1102.
Todzia, C.A. 1992. A reevaluation of the genus Phyllostylon (Ulmaceae). SIDA 15(2): 263-270.
Todzia, C.A. & Panero, J.L. 1998. A new species of Ulmus (Ulmaceae) from southern México and a synopsis of the species in Mexico. Brittonia 50 (3): 343-347.
Torres, R.B. & Luca, A.Q. 2005. Ulmaceae. In M.G.L. Wanderley, G.J. Shepherd, T.S. Melhem & A.M. Giulietti (eds.). Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo. Fapesp & Rima, São Paulo. p. 361-369.
Wiegrefe, S.J., Sytsma, K.J. & Guries, R.P. 1998. The Ulmaceae, one family or two? Evidences from chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. Pl. Syst. and Evol. 210: 249-270.
[FWTA]
Ulmaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:2. 1958
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, simple, often unequal-sided; stipules paired, caducous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers fasciculate, hermaphrodite or unisexual
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Calyx herbaceous, lobes imbricate, persistent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens inserted at the bottom of the calyx, erect in bud, opposite the calyx-lobes; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary of 2 connate carpels, 1–2-celled; styles 2, divergent Ovules solitary, pendulous from near the top
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit usually compressed, membranous, dry or thinly fleshy, often winged or appendiculate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seed without endosperm; embryo straight or curved
[FZ]
Ulmaceae, C. M. Wilmot-Dear. Flora Zambesiaca 9:6. 1991
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs, monoecious or dioecious, sometimes spiny
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, simple; lamina often unequal-sided at base; stipules lateral, caducous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers small, unisexual or bisexual, regular, axillary, solitary or in cymes or clusters
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 4–5(8), imbricate or valvate, free or shortly united, persistent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens as many as, and opposite to, the calyx lobes or (not in south tropical Africa) a few more, inserted at the base of the calyx, erect in bud; anthers 2-thecous, opening longitudinally
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary superior, of 2 united carpels, 1(2)-locular; styles 2, divergent; ovule solitary, pendulous from or near apex, anatropous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit thinly fleshy or compressed, dry and ± winged or appendiculate; endocarp hard
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds without endosperm; embryo curved or (not in south tropical Africa) straight
[FTEA]
Ulmaceae, R. M. Polhill. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1966
- Morphology General Habit
- Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves simple, alternate; blade often unequal-sided
- Morphology Leaves Stipules
- Stipules lateral, usually free, often small and caducous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers small, polygamous, solitary or in axillary cymes or clusters
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
- Sepals 4–8, free or shortly united, imbricate or valvate, persistent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
- Petals absent
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
- Stamens the same number as the calyx-lobes and opposite them or a few more, inserted at the base of the calyx, erect in bud; anthers 2-thecous, opening lengthwise
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium
- Ovary of 2 connate carpels, 1–2-locular; styles 2, divergent; ovule solitary, pendulous from near the top, anatropous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruits either compressed, dry and ± winged or appendiculate, or thinly fleshy
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds without endosperm; embryo straight or curved
- Distribution
- The family is rather poorly represented in Africa, but the species which do occur are mostly widespread across the continent About 14 genera and 120 species, mostly tropical and north temperate
Ulmaceae Mirb. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: 905. 1815 [24-30 Jun 1815] (1815)
Accepted by
- APG IV (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
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Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Neotropikey
Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0