Chrysobalanaceae
Chrysobalanus
Chrysobalanus icaco

Chrysobalanus icaco subsp. icaco

This subspecies is accepted
The native range of this subspecies is Florida to E. Brazil, W. Tropical Africa to Angola. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Cameroon, Cayman Is., Central American Pacific Is., Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, DR Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Liberia, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Chad, Fiji, Hawaii, India, Malawi, Malaya, Marquesas, Samoa, Seychelles, Society Is., Tanzania, Vietnam

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1-1692. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Evenhuis, N.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (eds.) (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Prance, G.T. & Sothers, C.A. (2003). Chrysobalanaceae 1 & 2. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World 9, 10: 1-319, 1-268. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 1975 Linder, D.H. [1425] Liberia K000104209 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Baldwin, J.T. [11205] Liberia K000104217 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Compère [1837] Congo, Republic of the K000104249 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Le Testu, G. [1776] Gabon K000104246 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Guinea, Emilio [800] K000104237 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Lowe, J. [3417] Cameroon K000104244 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Trilles [s.n.] Gabon K000104247 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Gossweiler, J. [163] Angola K000104266 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Onochie, C.F.A. [FHI32946] Nigeria K000104234 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 de Souza [sn] Benin K000104232 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Barker, A.J.D. [1066] Liberia K000104211 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Bos, J.J. [2004] Liberia K000104210 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Oldeman, R.A.A. [945] Cote d'Ivoire K000104224 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Dawe, M.T. [60] K000104267 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Lebrun [11217] Congo, Republic of the K000104252 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. [2393] Cote d'Ivoire K000104227 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Mann [498] Nigeria K000310032 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Ern, H. [2588] Togo K000104231 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Bamps, P. [2270] Cote d'Ivoire K000104219 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Sanford, W.W. [5767] Equatorial Guinea K000104245 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Linder, D.H. [1478] Liberia K000104215 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Deighton, F.C. [2330] Sierra Leone K000104201 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Harley, W.J. [2129] Liberia K000104214 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Sieber [31] Senegal K000313185 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Dalziel, J.M. [8042] Gambia, The K000104195 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [2125] Cote d'Ivoire K000104221 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Raimundo, F.; J.A.Guerra [906] K000104236 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Espirito Santo [1857] K000104197 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Morton, J.K. [A2463] Ghana K000104228 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Thomas, D.W. [946] Cameroon K000104239 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Espirito Santo [1947] K000104196 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. [2461] Cote d'Ivoire K000104225 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Baldwin, J.T. [9053] Liberia K000104212 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Enti, A.A. [608] Ghana K000104230 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Letouzey, R. [12446] Cameroon K000104240 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Daramola, B.O. [FHI46326] Nigeria K000104235 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Stubbings, H.G. [30] Nigeria K000104233 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Brunner [73] K000310029 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Carvalho [4421] Equatorial Guinea K000104238 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Vogel [34] K000313187 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Adames, P. [159] Sierra Leone K000104203 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Zenker, G.A. [1956] Cameroon K000313182 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Oldeman, R.A.A. [530] Cote d'Ivoire K000104222 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Bos, J.J. [3928] Cameroon K000104241 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Aubreville, A. [899] Cote d'Ivoire K000104220 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Morton, J.K.; Gledhill, D. [204] Sierra Leone K000104200 No
Jan 1, 1975 Mahieu [380] Congo, Republic of the K000104250 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Cooper, G.P. [191] Liberia K000104218 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Bos, J.J. [2981] Cameroon K000104243 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Jansen, J.W.A. [1155] Liberia K000104213 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Donis, G. [1337] Congo, Republic of the K000104251 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Morton, J.K. [6587] Ghana K000104229 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. [1961] Cote d'Ivoire K000104226 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Oldeman, R.A.A. [238] Cote d'Ivoire K000104223 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Scott Elliot, G.F. [4181] Sierra Leone K000104207 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Gossweiler, J. [9137] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000104265 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Bos, J.J. [3516] Cameroon K000104242 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Vogel [97] Niger K000310042 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Deighton, F.C. [18] Sierra Leone K000104202 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 s.coll. [897] West Tropical Africa K000104208 Holotype Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Gledhill, D. [517] Sierra Leone K000104199 Yes
Jan 1, 1975 Baldwin, J.T. [11058] Liberia K000104216 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E.; de Wilde-Bakhuizen, R.W. [11122] Gabon K001769779 Yes
Wieringa, J.J.; Haegens, R.M.A.P. [2518] Gabon K001769768 Yes
Oldeman, R.A.A. [556] Cote d'Ivoire K004800494 Yes
Raynal, J.; Raynal, A. [13571] Cote d'Ivoire K004800497 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [2124] Cote d'Ivoire K004800492 Yes
Irvine [2308] K004800505 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [6910] Sierra Leone K004800472 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [6919] Sierra Leone K004800468 Yes
Warnecke [382] Togo K004800507 Yes
de Wilde, J.J.F.E. [3157] Cote d'Ivoire K004800495 Yes
Melville, F.A.; Hooker, T. [415] Sierra Leone K004800477 Yes
Oldeman, R.A.A. [692] Cote d'Ivoire K004800496 Yes
Kami, E.; Cheek, M.; Harrig, C. [4280] Congo, Republic of the K000460992 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [946] Cameroon K001518766 Yes
Thijssen, M.T. [119] Cote d'Ivoire K001769777 Yes
Dalziel, J.M. [981] Nigeria K004800519 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5004] Sierra Leone K004800466 Yes
Morton; Gledhill [SL902] Sierra Leone K004800476 Yes
Hepper, F.N.; Enti, A.A.; Abbiw, D. [7511] Ghana K004800499 Yes
Chipp, T.F. [309] K004800500 Yes
de Souza (Mme) [s.n.] Benin K004800511 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [2669] Cote d'Ivoire K004800498 Yes
Bakshi, T.S. [169] Sierra Leone K004800464 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [6919] Sierra Leone K004800467 Yes
s.coll. [350] Benin K004800516 Yes
de Souza (Mme) [s.n.] Benin K004800512 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [2331] Sierra Leone K004800474 Yes
Native Collector [314] K004800501 Yes
Lobão, A.Q. [314] Brazil K001560162 Yes
Santos, A.K.A.; Conceição, S.F.; Nunes, T.S. [513] Brazil K001560172 Yes
Lane-Poole, C.E. [439] Sierra Leone K004800471 Yes
Morton; Sesay [SL765] Sierra Leone K004800465 Yes
Ern, H.; Hein, B.; Pircher, A. [152] Togo K004800506 Yes
Ross, A.F. [R/168] Nigeria K004800520 Yes
Lisowski, S. [51442] Guinea K000104206 Yes
Beentje, H.J. [841] Cote d'Ivoire K004800491 Yes
King, H.C. [187] Sierra Leone K004800469 Yes
Farmar, L. [356] Cote d'Ivoire K004800493 Yes
Don, G. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K001044639 Unknown Type Material Yes
Morton, J.K. [GC6354] K004800502 Yes
Irvine [2274] Ghana K004800504 Yes
de Souza (Mme) [s.n.] Benin K004800509 Yes
s.coll. [302] Nigeria K004800521 Yes
Ake Assi [s.n.] Benin K004800510 Yes
Richards, P.W. [5090] Nigeria K004800518 Yes
de Souza (Mme) [s.n.] Benin K004800514 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4750] Sierra Leone K004800475 Yes
s.coll. [302] Nigeria K004800517 Yes
Lane-Poole, C.E. [2] Sierra Leone K004800470 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [1894] Ghana K004800503 No
Lisowski, S. [51062] Guinea K000104205 Yes
Ake Assi [s.n.] Benin K004800513 Yes
de Souza (Mme) [s.n.] Benin K004800508 Yes
McPherson, G. [15271] Gabon K000104248 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [6910] Sierra Leone K004800473 Yes
de Souza (Mme) [s.n.] Benin K004800515 Yes
Melville, F.A.; Hooker, T. [165] Sierra Leone K004800463 Yes
Keay, R.W.J. [28672] Cameroon Chrysobalanus orbicularis K:SPC-16063.000 No
Dalziel, J.M. [981] Nigeria Chrysobalanus orbicularis K:SPC-16393.000 No

Sources

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images