Olea europaea subsp. europaea
Distribution
Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Greece, Italy, Kriti, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Angola, Argentina Northeast, Ascension, Bermuda, Canary Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Egypt, France, Hainan, Hawaii, Iran, Iraq, Korea, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Marianas, Mexico Southwest, New Zealand North, Taiwan, Tibet, Tubuai Is.
Synonyms
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Olea alba Lam. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 562 (1821)
- Olea amygdalina Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea angulosa Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea angustifolia Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 9 (1838), nom. illeg.
- Olea argentata Clemente ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 209 (1841)
- Olea arolensis Clemente ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 209 (1841), pro syn.
- Olea atrorubens Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea bifera Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 8 (1838)
- Olea brevifolia Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 9 (1838)
- Olea buxifolia (Aiton) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 562 (1821), nom. illeg.
- Olea cajetana Petagna in Inst. Bot. 2: 19 (1787)
- Olea cayana Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 9 (1838)
- Olea communis Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 562 (1821), pro syn.
- Olea craniomorpha Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea europaea var. alba Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 22 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. amygdalina Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 31 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. angustifolia Alleiz. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 12: 122 (1921)
- Olea europaea var. araban Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 9 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. atrorubens Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 26 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. atroviolacea Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 11 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. bifera Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 24 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. buxifolia Aiton in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789)
- Olea europaea var. celina Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 9 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. columballa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 18 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. communis Aiton in Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789)
- Olea europaea var. conditiva Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 30 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. corniola Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 28 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. crispa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 15 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. curvifolia Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 25 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. dulcis Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 29 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. ferruginea Aiton in Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789)
- Olea europaea var. fragilis Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 30 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. guttata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 23 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. hermaphrodita Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 25 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. hispanica Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 31 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. latifolia Aiton in Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789)
- Olea europaea var. laurifolia Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 21 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. longifolia Aiton in Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789)
- Olea europaea var. macrocarpa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 16 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. minima Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 12 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. nigerrima Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 32 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. obliqua Aiton in Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789)
- Olea europaea var. oblonga Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 10 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. oleaster (Hoffmanns. & Link) A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 284 (1844)
- Olea europaea subsp. oleaster (Hoffmanns. & Link) Negodi in Arch. Bot. Sist. 3: 79 (1927)
- Olea europaea var. papillata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 26 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. pendulina Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 17 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. pignola Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 20 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. polymorpha Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 16 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. praecox Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 11 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. racemosa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 13 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. regalis Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 27 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. rissoi Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 265 (1866), nom. superfl.
- Olea europaea var. rostrata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 28 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. rotundata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 8 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. rubra Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 18 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. rufa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 19 (1826)
- Olea europaea subsp. sativa (Weston) Arcang. in Comp. Fl. Ital.: 465 (1882)
- Olea europaea proles sativa Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 224 (1908)
- Olea europaea var. sativa (Weston) Lehr in Diss. Bot.-Med. Olea europaea: 21 (1779)
- Olea europaea var. saurina Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 12 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. serotina Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 15 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. steudelii Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 21 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. strobilina Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 263 (1866), nom. superfl.
- Olea europaea proles sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 223 (1908)
- Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy ex Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1936 (1927)
- Olea europaea var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr in Diss. Bot.-Med. Olea europaea: 20 (1779)
- Olea europaea var. umbraculata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 14 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. uvaria Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 14 (1826)
- Olea europaea var. violacea Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 262 (1866), nom. superfl.
- Olea ferruginea (Aiton) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 563 (1821)
- Olea gallica Mill. in Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: n.° 1 (1768)
- Olea hispanica Mill. in Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768)
- Olea lancifolia Moench in Methodus: 478 (1794)
- Olea latifolia (Aiton) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 563 (1821), nom. illeg.
- Olea longifolia (Aiton) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 563 (1821)
- Olea lorentii Hochst. in J.A.Lorent, Wanderungen: 322 (1845)
- Olea obliqua (Aiton) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 563 (1821)
- Olea oblonga Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea odorata Rozier ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 1: 69 (1817)
- Olea officinarum Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 379 (1766)
- Olea oleaster Hoffmanns. & Link in Fl. Portug. 1: 387 (1820)
- Olea polymorpha Risso ex Schult. in Mant. 1: 75 (1822)
- Olea praecox Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea racemosa Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea regia Rozier ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 1: 69 (1817)
- Olea sativa Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 191 (1770)
- Olea sphaerica Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea subrotunda Vilm. in Bon Jard. 1837: 417 (1837)
- Olea sylvestris Mill. in Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768)
- Olea variegata Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Olea viridula Gouan in Herbor. Montpellier: 264 (1796)
- Phillyrea lorentii Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 461 (1847)
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Castroviejo, S. (ed.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Iberica 11: 1-672. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
- Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
- Cameron, E.K. (2021). Updated vascular flora and vegitation of the Noises islands, Hauraki Gulf. Journal, Auckland Botanical Society 76: 51-81.
- Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
- Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
- Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- Hallé, N. (1983). Végétation de l'île Rurutu et additions au catalogue de la flore des îles Australes. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 5(2): 141-150.
- Packer, J.E. (1974). Ascension Handbook. A concise guide to Ascension Island South Atlantic ed. 2 Packer, Georgetown.
- Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Sources
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Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images