Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus
Distribution
Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Canary Is., France, Italy, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Portugal, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Yugoslavia
Introduced into:
Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, California, Colombia, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Ethiopia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Ireland, Jawa, Juan Fernández Is., Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Marianas, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Myanmar, Netherlands, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Romania, Réunion, Sardegna, South European Russi, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Synonyms
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Carduus cynara E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 14: 61 (1906), nom. superfl.
- Carduus scolymus (L.) Baill. in Hist. Pl. 8: 7 (1882)
- Chamaepeuce cynaroides (Lam.) DC. in Prodr. 6: 659 (1838)
- Cynara carduncellus Willd. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 462 (1840)
- Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC. in Prodr. 6: 620 (1838)
- Cynara cardunculus proles corsica (Viv.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 9: 3 (1905)
- Cynara cardunculus var. eucardunculus Hayek in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 2(5): 728 (1931), not validly publ.
- Cynara cardunculus var. ferocissima Lowe in Man. Fl. Madeira 1: 498 (1868)
- Cynara cardunculus var. hortensis (Mill.) Brot. in Fl. Lusit. 1: 339 (1804)
- Cynara cardunculus var. inermis Anon. in Bon Jard. 1818: 38 (1818)
- Cynara cardunculus var. sativa Moris in Fl. Sardoa 2: 460 (1843)
- Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 381 (1904)
- Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Benth. in Fl. Austral. 3: 459 (1867)
- Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 6: 924 (1928)
- Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris (Lam.) Brot. in Fl. Lusit. 1: 339 (1804)
- Cynara cardunculus var. typica Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 380 (1904), not validly publ.
- Cynara communis Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 15 (1779), nom. superfl.
- Cynara corsica Viv. in Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 68 (1824)
- Cynara esculenta Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 185 (1796), nom. superfl.
- Cynara ferox Ten. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 462 (1840)
- Cynara horrida Aiton in Hort. Kew. 3: 148 (1789)
- Cynara hortensis Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768)
- Cynara humilis Viv. in Fl. Cors. Prodr., App. Alt.: 8 (1830)
- Cynara pygmaea Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 1692 (1803)
- Cynara scolymus L. in Sp. Pl.: 827 (1753)
- Cynara scolymus var. major Brot. in Fl. Lusit. 1: 338 (1804)
- Cynara scolymus f. major (Brot.) Mariz in Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 235 (1892)
- Cynara scolymus f. minor (Brot.) Mariz in Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 235 (1892)
- Cynara scolymus var. minor Brot. in Fl. Lusit. 1: 338 (1804)
- Cynara scolymus var. mutica Viv. in Fl. Dalmat. 2: 46 (1847)
- Cynara scolymus var. pungens Viv. in Fl. Dalmat. 2: 46 (1847)
- Cynara scolymus var. redonensis N.H.F.Desp. in Fl. Sarthe: 140 (1838)
- Cynara spinosissima J.Presl & C.Presl in Delic. Prag.: 109 (1822)
- Cynara sylvestris Lam. in Encycl. 1: 277 (1783)
- Cynara sylvestris var. spinosa Lam. in Encycl. 1: 277 (1783)
- Cynara sylvestris var. spinosus Lam. in Encycl. 1: 277 (1783)
- Cynaropsis gomerensis Kuntze in Lex. Gen. Phan.: 158 (1903)
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6. Scientific Data 8: 215.
Kew Backbone Distributions
- (2013). https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/V38fC5Rg7SM7AW8CzfGZW. epublication.
- Ali, S.I. & Qaiser, M. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Pakistan 223: 1-363. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
- Delipavlov, D. & Cheshmedzhiev, I. (eds.) (2011). Opredelitel na rasteniiata v Bulgariia: 1-590. Akad. Isd. Agrar. Univers. Plovdiv.
- Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
- Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
- von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2011). Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase. The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grotta, A.S. [s.n.], Brazil | Cynara carduncellus | K001100176 | Yes |
Sources
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
- Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images
-
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0