Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig

First published in Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 2: 571 (1806)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is W. & W. Central Tropical Africa. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

Introduced into:

Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K., Rodríguez Delcid, D. & Olmedo Galán, P. (2016). Nova Silva Cuscatlantica. Parte 3: Angiospermae - Familias R a Z y Gymnospermae. Englera 29(3): 1-356.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jongkind, C. (2014). Fauna & Flora of Liberia, flowering plant species list www.liberianfaunaflora.org.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Tâm, H.M. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 12: 1-356. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • K. D. Koenig in Koenig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 571, t. 16, 17 (1806).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aubrév. Fl. For. C. Iv. 2: 188, t. 199
  • Chev. Bot. 153
  • F.T.A. 1: 426
  • Radlk. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Sapindac. 1142, fig. 32
  • Wilczek in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 21: 152, fig. 39.
  • in Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 571, tt. 16 & 17 (1806)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Jongkind, C. (2014). Fauna & Flora of Liberia, flowering plant species list www.liberianfaunaflora.org.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
May 5, 1957 Wight, R. [386] India K000701709 Type Yes
Lowe, J. [4959] Nigeria K004641913 Yes
Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. Cote d'Ivoire K004641873 Yes
[J. Dawodu] [5] Nigeria K004641899 Yes
s.coll. K004641850 Yes
Roberty, G. Niger K004641866 Yes
Dalziel, J.M. (Dr.) [1386] Nigeria K004641900 Yes
Asia-Tropical K:SPC-65521.000 No
Mildbraed, G.W.J., J. Cameroon K004642019 Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. Togo K004641868 Yes
[Wallich] K004641846 Yes
Ern, H. Togo K004641867 Yes
Moller, A. K004642018 Yes
s.coll. K004641845 Yes
Aubréville Cote d'Ivoire K004641875 Yes
[R.E.M. Bowden]; [A. Bimuyo] [FHI37562] Nigeria K004641911 Yes
Raynal, J. [21039] Mali K000386051 Yes
Jamaica K:SPC-80052.000 No
Lowe, J. [4959] Nigeria K004641912 Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. Togo K004641870 Yes
Pobeguin, M. French Guiana K004641863 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. French Guiana K004641862 Yes
Santo, E. Guinea-Bissau K004641856 Yes
Poilane, E. Vietnam K004641853 Yes
Oldeman, R.A.A. Cote d'Ivoire K004641874 Yes
Hiepko, P.; Schultze-Motel, W. Togo K004641872 Yes
Keay, R.W.J.; Russell, T.A. [FHI22466] Nigeria K004641908 Yes
Jones, T.S. [s.n.] Nigeria K004641915 Yes
s.coll. K004641851 Yes
Jacques, V. Cameroon K004642021 Yes
Ramsay, C.B. K004641847 Yes
Johnston, H.H. [69] Sierra Leone K004641898 Yes
Ern, H. Togo K004641869 Yes
Dalziel, J.M. [1386] Nigeria K:SPC-16418.000 No
Ujor, E. [FHI27973] Nigeria K004641910 Yes
Mann Sao Tome and Principe K004642024 Yes
Jongkind, C.C.H.; Abbiw, D.K.; Nieuwenhuis, C.M.J. Ghana K004641865 Yes
Bernardi, A.L. [8826] Nigeria K004641907 Yes
Lowe, J. [3404] Nigeria K004641914 Yes
Schäfer, P.A. Togo K004641871 Yes
Letouzey, R. Cameroon K004642020 Yes
s.coll. K004641852 Yes
Bourne K004641849 Yes
Lowe, J. [4859] Nigeria K004641895 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Nigeria K004641897 Yes
[Bolude] [FHI3025] Nigeria K004641909 Yes
Daramola, B.O. [55] Nigeria K004641896 Yes
Mann Sao Tome and Principe K004642022 Yes
Brunt, M. Ghana K004641864 Yes
Dalziel, J.M. (Dr.) [1386] Nigeria K004641901 Yes
[Wall] K004641848 Yes
s.coll. K004641855 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E. [5054] Ghana K:SPC-11498.000 No
Mann Sao Tome and Principe K004642023 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Neotropikey

    • Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0