Family:
Sapindaceae Juss.
Genus:
Cardiospermum L.

Cardiospermum corindum L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is S. U.S.A. to N. Argentina, Tropical & S. Africa, Uttarakhand to S. Central China and Sri Lanka, Marianas. It is used as a medicine.

[UNAL]

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/

Vernacular
farolito, globito, topotopo, topotoropo, vejiga

[FSOM]

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit
Slightly woody climber to 3 m long; young branches densely pubescent
Morphology Leaves
Leaves triangular in outline, pubescent; petiole 0.3–2(–3) cm long; terminal leaflet ovate, 1.5–5.2 x 0.5–4.5 cm, crenate to serrate to deeply lobed, acuminate to acute and apiculate at the apex, attenuate to truncate at the base
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences corymb-like to paniculate; peduncle below tendrils (2–)3–12 cm long, above 2–13 mm long; flower-bearing part either of 3–5-flowered corymb-like thyrses with peduncles 2–14 mm long, or a paniculate thyrse with 4–15 mm long axis and 6–12 raceme-like thyrses, 2–11 mm long; pedicels 2–4 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Outer sepals broadly elliptic to subcircular, 1.5–2 x c. 1.5 mm, inner elliptic, 3–5.5 x 2–3 mm
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals white, elliptic, (3–)4–6 x 2–3 mm
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 8; filaments 3–4 mm long, pilose
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary 2–3 mm long; style 0.5–1 mm long; stigma c. 0.5 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid in outline, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4) x (1.5–)2–3.3 cm
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds c. 5 mm in diam., with a reniform hilum.
Distribution
N1–3; C2 pantropical.
Ecology
Altitude range 150–1150 m.

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 1400 m.; Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Valle del Cauca, Valle del Magdalena.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba, trepadora
Conservation
No Evaluada

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean, Caribbean. Elevation range: 0–1400 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Antioquia, Atlántico, La Guajira, Magdalena, Santander, Valle del Cauca.
Habit
Herb, Climbing.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.

[FZ]

Sapindaceae, A. W. Exell. Flora Zambesiaca 2:2. 1966

Morphology General Habit
Annual herbaceous or slightly woody climber, densely puberulous; internodes 4–8(11) cm. long.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves pinnate to biternate; petiole 0·5–3(4·5) cm. long; rhachis 1–3 cm. long.
Morphology Leaves Leaflets
Leaflets with lowest pair ternate, terminal one 2–4 × 1–2 (2·3) cm., lateral ones 2–3·5 × 1–2 cm., lamina with upper surface bright green and under surface grey-green with raised venation, puberulous, apex obtuse and apiculate, margin crenate to lobed, base attenuate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence an axillary many-branched numerous-flowered corymbose thyrse; peduncle c. 6 cm. long, pubescent, multibracteate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers white to creamy yellow, 4–6 mm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals with lateral ones c. 1 mm. long, anterior and posterior ones c. 3 mm. long, ovate.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals 4–5 mm. long, 2 anterior ones ovate with small petaloid appendages, 2 posterior ones ovate bearing recurved appendages with clavate apices covered with patent hairs which cause them to cohere.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium
Stamens with the filaments of the inner ones slightly shorter; filaments free.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary hirsute.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit 2–3·6 cm. long, 3-gonous or 3-quetrous.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seed 5 mm. in diam., globose; hilum reniform.

[FTEA]

Sapindaceae, Davies & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1998

Morphology General Habit
Annual herbaceous to slightly woody climber, 0.3–4.5 m. tall; stems deeply grooved, densely shortly pubescent.
Morphology Leaves
Leaves stipulate, biternate or pinnate, triangular or ovate in outline, up to 9 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, mostly densely velvety pubescent, in biternate examples composed of 3 main divisions, the median larger than the laterals; petiole 0.3–2(–3) cm. long; first order petiolules 0.1–3 cm. long, second order petiolules 0–1 cm. long; terminal leaflet ovate, 1–5.2 cm. long, 0.5–4.5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate and apiculate at the apex, attenuate-decurrent to truncate or cordate at the base, crenate to serrate or deeply lobed.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences corymbose to paniculate, the rhachis with 3–5, few-flowered corymbiform racemoid thyrses, grey-pubescent, or a paniculate thyrse 0.4–1.5 cm. long with 6–12 racemoid thyrses 0.2–1.1 cm. long; peduncle below tendrils (2–)3–12 cm. long, above 0.2–1.3 cm. long; secondary peduncles 0.2–1.4 cm. long; pedicels 2–4 mm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals unequal; outer broadly elliptic to ± round, 1.5–2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, inner elliptic, 3–5.5 mm. long, 2–3 mm. wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals white or cream, elliptic, (3–)4–6 mm. long, 2–3.5 mm. wide; appendage orange.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 8, with filaments 3–4 mm. long, pilose.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil
Ovary 2–3 mm. long; style 0.5–1 mm. long; stigmas ± 0.5 mm. long.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit green to orange or rusty red, ovoid or usually ellipsoid, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4) cm. long, (1.5–)2–3.3 cm. wide, finely velvety when young; septa elliptic, longer than wide.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds black, 4.5–5 mm. diameter; hilum white, reniform or cordate, 3 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide.
Habitat
Acacia - Commiphora etc. bushland and woodland, reaching to tops of Acacias, sometimes riverine, also scrub on rocky hills; 500–1500 m.
Distribution
K1 K2 K3 K4 K6 K7 T3 U1 Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia to South Africa, pantropical

[UPFC]
Use Medicines
Medical uses.

Doubtfully present in:

Guyana

Native to:

Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, California, Caprivi Strip, Cayman Is., China South-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Galápagos, Guatemala, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, India, Jamaica, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Marianas, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Myanmar, Namibia, Netherlands Antilles, Northern Provinces, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Venezuela, West Himalaya, Windward Is., Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Arizona, Florida, Texas

Cardiospermum corindum L. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
Borgeau, E. [467], Mexico K000074511 syntype
Borgeau, E. [467], Mexico K000037467 syntype
Spruce, R. [5189], Ecuador K000201235
Wallich, N. [8031] Cardiospermum canescens K000701890
Wallich, N. [8032], Myanmar Cardiospermum canescens K000701885
Röttler, J.P. [231] Cardiospermum canescens K000701889
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8032], Myanmar Cardiospermum canescens K001128799
Röttler, J.P. [s.n.] Cardiospermum canescens K000701887
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8032] Cardiospermum canescens K001128798
Röttler, J.P. [s.n.] Cardiospermum canescens K000701888
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8032], Myanmar Cardiospermum canescens K001128800
Wallich, N. [8032], Myanmar Cardiospermum canescens K000701886
Spruce, R. [5189], Ecuador Cardiospermum loxense K000201236

First published in Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 526 (1762)

Accepted by

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Davies, F.G. & Verdcourt, B. (1998). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Dodonaea: 1-108.
  • Exell, A.W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1966). Flora Zambesiaca 2(2): 353-653. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Monteiro de Barros, A.A., de Andrade Ribas, L. & Dunn Araujo, D.S. (2009). Trepadeiras do Parque Estadual da Serra do Tiririca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Rodriguésia 60: 681-694.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) in Thulin, M. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Somalia 2: 1-303. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Not accepted by

  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae) Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden. [Cited as Cardiospermum halicacabum.]
  • Levin, G.A. & Moran, R. (1989). The vascular flora of isla Socorro, Mexico: 1-71. Dept. of Botany, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego. [Cited as Cardiospermum halicacabum.]
  • Nielsen, I.C. & al. (1992-1994). Flora Malesiana 11: 1-768. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta. [Cited as Cardiospermum halicacabum.]

Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1994). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 1: 1-336. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Exell, A.W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1966). Flora Zambesiaca 2(2): 353-653. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, Vol 2, (1999) Author: by I. Friis & K. Vollesen [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Agnew, A.D.Q. & Agnew, S., Upland Kenya Wild Flowers, ed. 2: 164 (1994).
  • Exell & Mendonça, Consp. Fl. Angol. 2: 75 (1954).
  • Exell in Flora Zambesiaca 2: 509 (1966).
  • F. W. Andr., The Flowering Plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 2: 339 (1952).
  • Fouilloy & Hallé in Fl. Cameroun 16: 19 (1973)
  • Fouilloy & Hallé in Fl. Gabon 23: 19 (1973).
  • L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 526 (1762).
  • Radlk. in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV, 165: 397 (1932).
  • Vollesen in Fl. Ethiopia 3: 497 (1990).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    Flora of Somalia
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    ColPlantA database
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0