Family:
Celastraceae R.Br.
Genus:
Parnassia L.

Parnassia palustris L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Subarctic & Temp. Northern Hemisphere.

[FIQ]

Ghazanfar, S. A. & Edmondson, J. R (Eds). (2014) Flora of Iraq, Volume 5 Part 2: Lythraceae to Campanulaceae.

Morphology General Habit
A glabrous perennial herb with 2–4 slender erect scapes to 25(–35) cm
Morphology Leaves
Basal leaves ovate to suborbicular or triangular-ovate, 1.5–3 × 1–2.5 cm, base cordate or truncate, apex rounded, long-petiolate, the blade somewhat decurrent Cauline leaves absent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flower terminal, solitary, 2.5–3.0 cm in diameter
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Sepals 4–6 × 1.5–3 mm, apex obtuse
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Petals broadly ovate to oblong, ± 1.5 × 0.8 cm, white with dark green veins
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Anthers
Anthers ellipsoid, ± 3 mm; filaments 3–7 mm; staminodes spatulate, divided into 8–12(–20) linear gland-tipped segments
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Capsule loculicidal, ovoid to subglobose
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds brown, oblong, glossy.
Ecology
Side of mountain spring; alt. ± 2440 m
Phenology
Sep.
Distribution
Very rare in Iraq, having been recorded only once from the alpine zone of NE Iraq. Europe, N Africa, Turkey (SE Anatolia), Russia, W Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Himalaya eastwards to China and Japan; N America.

Native to:

Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Rus, China North-Central, Chita, Colorado, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Is., Labrador, Magadan, Manchuria, Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Netherlands, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nunavut, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Poland, Primorye, Québec, Romania, Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Tuva, Ukraine, Utah, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon

Extinct in:

Algeria

English
Grass of Parnassus

Parnassia palustris L. appears in other Kew resources:

First published in Sp. Pl.: 273 (1753)

Accepted by

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Charkevicz, S.S. (ed.) (1995). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 7: 1-394. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. & Edmondson, J.R. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Iraq 5(2): 1-349. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2004). Flora of Siberia 7: 1-318. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador https://www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist/.
  • Meyer, F.K. (2011). Beiträge zur Flora von Albanien Haussknechtia, Beih. 15: 1-220.
  • Mirek, Z., Piekos-Mirkowa, H., Zajac, A. & Zajac, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
  • Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1970-1995). Flora of West Pakistan 1-131.
  • Nikolin, E.G. (2013). Conspectus florae resource rezervat "Suntar-Hayata" republic Sakha (Yakutia) Rastitel'nyj mir Aziatskoj Rossii 1(11): 47-57.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1975). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 4: 1-576. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.

Literature

Flora of Iraq

  • Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. 249 (1888);
  • Gu Cuizhi & Hultgard in Fl. China 8: 379 (2001).
  • Kitamura, Pl. W. Pak. And Afghan. 3: 79 (1964);
  • Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 273 (1753);
  • Losinsk. In Fl. URSS. 9: 216 (1939);
  • Matthews in Fl. Turk. 4: 260 (1972);
  • Schonbeck-Temesy in Fl. Iranica 20: 1 (1966);
  • Siddiqi in Fl. Pak. 31: 1 (1973);
  • Webb in Fl. Europaea 1: 381 (1964);

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Akiyama, S., Thijsse, G., Esser, H.-J. & Ohba, H. (2014). Siebold and Zuccarini's type specimens and original materials from Japan, part 5. Angiosperms. Dicotyledoneae 4 The Journal of Japanese Botany 89: 279-330.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Charkevicz, S.S. (ed.) (1995). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 7: 1-394. Nauka, Leningrad.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 4: 1-657. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hultén, E.O.G. (1960). Flora of the Aleutian Islands and westernmost Alaska Peninsula: with notes on the flora of Commander Islands, ed. 2: 1-376. Weinheim : J. Cramer ; New York : Hafner Pub. Co.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jalas, J., Suominen, J., Lampinen, R. & Kurtto, A.(eds.) (1999). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 12: 1-250.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
  • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2004). Flora of Siberia 7: 1-318. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2012). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 13 Taxon 61: 889-902.
  • Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1970-1995). Flora of West Pakistan 1-131.
  • Nikolin, E.G. (2013). Conspectus florae resource rezervat "Suntar-Hayata" republic Sakha (Yakutia) Rastitel'nyj mir Aziatskoj Rossii 1(11): 47-57.
  • Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1975). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 4: 1-576. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Schönbeck-Temesy, E. (1970). Flora Iranica 69: 1-67. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Shu, Y. & al. (2017). Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae) Phytotaxa 309: 1-22.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of China 8: 1-506. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

  • Flora of Iraq

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  • Kew Backbone Distributions

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    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    Common Names from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Living Collection https://www.kew.org/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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