Family:
Solanaceae Juss.
Genus:
Datura L.

Datura ferox L.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Texas to Mexico. It is used as a poison and a medicine and has social uses.

[UPFC]
Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean. Elevation range: 1000–1000 m a.s.l. Naturalised in Colombia. Colombian departments: Santander.
Habit
Herb.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.

[FZ]

Flora Zambesiaca. Vol. 8, Part 4. Solanaceae. Gonçalves AE. 2005

Type
Type from China.
Morphology General Habit
Erect, sometimes dichotomously branched, annual herb, 0.3–1. 2(1. 5) m high
Morphology Branches
Branches striate and ± sulcate, subglabrous or with ± sparse hairs predominant on one side at each internode
Morphology Leaves
Leaves solitary, unpleasantly scented when crushed; petiole (0.8)1–7.5(8) cm long; lamina membranous or papyraceous, 3–15.5 × 2–12 cm, ovate or rhombic-ovate, usually broadly so, base cuneate to rounded or truncate, occasionally attenuate or subcordate, and oblique to dimidiate, ± decurrent into the petiole, apex acute to obtuse, occasionally shortly acuminate, sinuate and coarsely lobed or lobed-dentate with irregular, broadly ± triangular, obtuse to acute lobes or teeth, at first minutely pubescent, later sparsely pubescent, more densely so towards the base, at or near the margins and on the nerves, or subglabrous, the lateral nerves extending to the margin
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers solitary, inserted in the fork of the branches or in the leaf axils, erect.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Pedicel
Pedicel 3.5–10 mm long, rather slender, ± pubescent, more densely so towards the base, or with hairs only on one side, sometimes glandular, in fruit elongated to 20 mm and stout
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx 2.2–3.2 × 0.5–0.7 cm, 5-angled to 5-ribbed, drying with prominent longitudinal nerves, sparsely and shortly pubescent, more densely so on the nerves, towards the base and at or near the margins of the lobes, subglabrous inside; tube little or not inflated and slightly wider downwards and upwards; lobes subequal, 2.5–7 × 1. 5–3.5 mm, ovate- to triangular-lanceolate, ± long-acuminate; in fruit the flange up to 5 mm wide, ± reflexed
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla white to yellowish, occasionally light blue, 4–7 cm long, narrowly infundibuliform, glabrous or with few, short hairs scattered along the nerves; tube filling the calyx for ± half or slightly less of the length, with a few, very short hairs scattered mainly below on the staminal region within; limb 1. 5–2.5(3) cm across, 5-lobed, the lobes ± triangular, narrowing into a ± acuminate to subulate tip to 5 mm long, usually ± curved
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
Stamens 5(6), included; filaments adnate to above the middle of the corolla tube and with a few ± short, hyaline, sometimes glandular hairs, free upwards for 1. 7–2.1 cm and ± glabrous; anthers 4–5 mm long, ovate-linear or ± oblong in outline
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
Ovary up to 8 × 5 mm, ovoid, with long, fleshy appendages from the middle upwards, puberulous and glandular.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style
Style 2.7–3.7 cm long, straight, glabrous
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit upright, brownish to purplish-green when ripe, 4–6(8) × 4–6 cm including spines, subglobose or ovoid to ellipsoid, thick-walled, covered with relatively few, very stout, heavy, conical-acuminate, spreading spines, these unequal, the upper ones larger and up to 2.5(3) cm long, often recurved at the tip, densely puberulous all over but less abundantly on the spines, regularly breaking up
Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
Seeds ± dark to greyish-brown with darker markings, 3.5–5 × 3–4 × 1. 3 mm, ± reniform, strongly thickened and alveolate at the border, finely pitted; caruncle very small, fleshy
Note
Common name: “Large Thorn Apple”. A widespread and common weed of cultivation and disturbed ground. Whole plant poisonous. The specimen Dehn 731, from Zimbabwe (C: Marondera (Marandellas) Distr.), referred to this species by Suessenguth & Merxmüller, loc. cit. (1951), was not seen by me. Cufodontis, loc. cit. (1963), recorded this species also from Malawi. Chromosome number: 2n=24
Distribution
BOT SW, BOT SE, ZIM W, ZIM C, ZIM E, ZIM S Native to southern North America (but for a long time said to be native to China based on an error from Linnaeus), now almost cosmopolitan, widely naturalized in the tropics and subtropics. Botswana. Zimbabwe

[CPLC]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Naturalizada y adventicia en Colombia; Alt. 1000 m.; Andes.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba
Conservation
No Evaluada

[UPFC]
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.
Use Social
Social uses.

Native to:

Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southwest, Texas

Introduced into:

Algeria, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil South, California, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, France, Free State, Great Britain, Greece, India, Italy, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Mali, Namibia, New Caledonia, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Palestine, Primorye, Queensland, Sardegna, Sicilia, South Australia, Spain, Uruguay, Victoria, Western Australia, Zimbabwe

English
Large thorn apple

Datura ferox L. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 1, 2009 Crawford, F.M. [173], Namibia K000450466 No
Sep 1, 2009 Crawford, F.M. [173], Namibia K000450465 No
United Kingdom 16652.000 No
United Kingdom 16653.000 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2637], India K000196762 Yes
Gaumer, G.F. [100], Mexico K000063031 No
Chile K000586060 Yes

First published in Demonstr. Pl.: 6 (1753)

Accepted by

  • Babu, N.M.G., Ravikumar, K. & Rao, N.R. (2014). Additions to the flora of Karnataka from Chitradurga district Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 634-649.
  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Bye, R. & Sosa, V. (2013). Molecular phylogeny of the Jimsonweed genus Datura (Solanaceae) Systematic Botany 38: 818-829.
  • Castroviejo, S. (ed.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Iberica 11: 1-672. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  • Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy) Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gonçalves, A.E. (2005). Flora Zambesiaca 8(4): 1-124. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Govaerts, R. (2000). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS D: 1-30141.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Purdie, R.W., Symon, D.E. & Haegi, L. (1982). Flora of Australia 29: 1-208. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1972). Flora Europaea 3: 1-370. Cambridge University Press.
  • Vladimirov, V., Dane, F., Matevski, V. & Kit Tan (2014). New floristic records in the Balkans: 25 Phytologia Balcanica 20: 267-310.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Literature

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Amoen. Acad. 3: 403 (1756)
  • Bull. Jard. Bot. État 33, Suppl: 881 (1963).
  • Chron. Bot. 20: 21 cum fig. 3/b, 24 cum fig. 4 (1959).
  • Fl. Cabo Verde, fam. 71: 54, t. 8D (2002). TAB. 7, fig. C.
  • Grabandt, Weeds of Crops & Gard. South. Afr.: 127 et fig. (1985).
  • M.D. Henderson & J.G. Anderson, Common Weeds S. Afr.: 264, fig. 131 (1966).
  • Proc. & Trans. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 43: 42 (1951).
  • Rhod. Agric. J., Bull. 1099: 4 (1939).
  • Ross, Fl. Natal: 308 (1972).
  • Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 255 (1762).
  • Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 932 (1759)
  • Taxon 8: 54 (1959).
  • Verdcourt & Trump, Common Pois. Pl. E. Africa: 164, 166 (1969).
  • Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Pois. Pl. S. & E. Africa, ed. 2: 956, fig. 238 (1962).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy) Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Purdie, R.W., Symon, D.E. & Haegi, L. (1982). Flora of Australia 29: 1-208. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1972). Flora Europaea 3: 1-370. Cambridge University Press.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
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  • Flora Zambesiaca

    Flora Zambesiaca
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  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

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  • Plants and People Africa

    Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0