Solanaceae
Solanum

Solanum giganteum Jacq.

First published in Collectanea 4: 125 (1791)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa, India, Sri Lanka. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Congo, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, India, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Canary Is.

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Aubriot, X. & Knapp, S. (2022). A revision of the "spiny solanums" of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1-270.
  • Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • PBI Solanum Project (2014-continuously updated). Solanaceae Source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family http://www.solanaceaesource.org/.
  • Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flore du Gabon 55: 1-137. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Bitter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 57: 256 (1921).
  • Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1921
  • Collect. 4: 125 (1790)
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 229

Flora Zambesiaca

  • A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13, 1: 258 (1852).
  • Agnew, Upland Kenya Wild Fl., ed. 2: 243 (1994).
  • Ann. Transvaal Mus. 3, 3: 162 (1912).
  • Beentje, Kenya Trees, Shrubs & Lianas: 580 (1994).
  • Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 191 (1906).
  • Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 497 (1911)
  • Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 257 (1921).
  • Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 81: 316 (1962).
  • Brenan & Greenway, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 578 (1949).
  • Bull. Jard. Bot. État 33, Suppl.: 866 (1963).
  • Burtt Davy & Bolton, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Brit. Emp., Uganda Prot.: 113 (1935).
  • Burtt Davy & Hoyle, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Brit. Emp. 2, Nyasaland: 71 (1936).
  • Collectanea 4: 125 (1791)
  • Compton, Fl. Swaziland: 516, 517 (1976).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees & Shrubs: 538 (1961).
  • F.C. 4, 2: 94 (1904)
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 229 (1906).
  • F.W.T.A., ed. 2, 2: 332 (1963).
  • Fl. Rwanda 3: 375, 378 (1985).
  • Gentes Herb. 12: 215, fig. 10 (1984).
  • Ic. Pl. Rar. 2: t. 328 (1793); : 11 (1795)
  • J. Adel. Bot. Gard. 4: 117, fig. 37, 150/E, 161/G (1981).
  • J. S. African Bot. 13, Suppl.: 425 (1984).
  • J.M. Gibson, Wild Fl. Natal (Coast. Reg.): 92 cum t. 92 fig. 2 (1975).
  • K. Coates Palgrave, Trees South. Africa, ed. 2: 821 cum map & fig. (1981).
  • Kirkia 10: 272 (1975).
  • M. Coates Palgrave, ed. 3 of K. Coates Palgrave, Trees South. Africa: 1000 (2002).
  • Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 56: 176 (1987).
  • Moll, Trees Natal: 59 cum map & fig. (1981).
  • Palmer & Pitman, Trees South. Africa 3: 1984 (1973).
  • Proc. & Trans. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 43: 42 (1951).
  • Ross, Fl. Natal: 308 (1972).
  • Topham, Check List For. Trees Shrubs Nyasaland Prot.: 96 (1958).
  • Troupin, Fl. Pl. Lign. Rwanda: 652, 657 (1982)
  • Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Pois. Pl. S. & E. Africa, ed. 2: 993 (1962).
  • White, Dowsett-Lemaire & Chapman, Evergreen For. Fl. Malawi: 554 (2001).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Aubriot, X. & Knapp, S. (2022). A revision of the "spiny solanums" of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1-270.
  • Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Baileya 8: 30 (1960)
  • Blundell, Wild Fl. E. Afr.: 190 (1992);
  • Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1921 (1817)
  • Bothalia 25: 56 (1995);
  • Bothalia 38(1): 40 (2008).
  • Collect., 4: 125 (1791)
  • DC., Prodr. 13(1): 258 (1852)
  • Don, Gen. Hist. Dichlam. Pl. 4: 430 (1837)
  • Dunal, Hist. Solanum: 202 (1813)
  • E.J. 38: 191 (1906)
  • E.J. 39: 648 (1907)
  • E.J. 57: 257 (1921)
  • E.J. 81: 316 (1962)
  • E.P.A., 2: 866 (1963)
  • Engler, Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.: 373 (1892)
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 229 (1906)
  • F.W.T.A. 2nd ed., 2: 332 (1963)
  • F.Z. 8(4): 88 (2005);
  • Fl. Brit. Ind. 4(1): 233 (1885)
  • Fl. Cap. 4: 94 (1904)
  • Fl. Eth. 5: 125 (2006);
  • Fl. Rwanda: 378 (1985);
  • Gentes Herb. 12: 212 (1984);
  • I.T.U.: 233 (1940)
  • I.T.U.: 414 (1952)
  • Ic. Pl. Rar., 2: t. 328 (1793)
  • Jaeger, Syst. stud. Solanum in Africa: 347 (1985, ined)
  • Journ. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4: 117 (1981)
  • K.T.S.: 538 (1961)
  • K.T.S.L.: 580 (1994);
  • Mansfeld, Encycl. Agric. & Hort. Crops, 4: 1818 (2001);
  • Polhill, Solanum in E & NE Africa: 13 (ined., 1961)
  • Purdie et al., Fl. Australia 29: 75, 87 (1982);
  • Racc. Bot. Miss. Consol. Kenya: 88 (1935)
  • Rev. Gen. Pl. 3, 2: 226 (1893)
  • Syn. Solan. Hist.: 36 (1816)
  • T.T.C.L.: 578 (1949)
  • Trans. Linn. Soc., 17: 47 (1832)
  • Troupin, Fl. Pl. Ligneuses Rwanda: 657 (1982)
  • U.K.W.F., 2nd ed.: 243 (1994);
  • Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Pois. Pl. S. & E. Africa, ed. 2: 993 (1962)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Oct 1, 2010 Louis, J. [1280] Congo, Republic of the K000441889 Yes
Oct 1, 2010 Tessmann, G. [513] Equatorial Guinea K000441887 Yes
Oct 1, 2010 Mildbraed, G.W.J. [9507] Central African Republic K000441886 Yes
Oct 1, 2010 Runyinya, B. [872] Rwanda K000441885 Yes
Oct 1, 2010 Gilbert, ? [2216] Congo, Republic of the K000441891 Yes
Oct 1, 2010 Putman, P.T.L. [130] Congo, Republic of the K000441890 Yes
Sep 1, 2010 Chase, N.C. [7445] Zimbabwe K000441781 Yes
Sep 1, 2010 Chapman, J.D. [8878] Malawi K000441780 Yes
Sep 1, 2010 Jack Mrs [1258] Zimbabwe K000441782 Yes
Sep 1, 2010 Brummitt, R.K. [9391] Malawi K000441779 Yes
Mar 1, 2010 Harris, T. [72] Mozambique K000545064 Yes
Mar 1, 2010 Harris, T. [83] Mozambique K000545074 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Mooney, H.F. [8412] Ethiopia K001156208 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Meyer, F.G. [8633] Ethiopia K001156203 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Friis, I.; Vollesen, K. [759] Sudan K001156199 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Pichi-Sermoli, R. [2579] Ethiopia K001156204 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Mooney, H.F. [5730] Ethiopia K001156202 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Getachew, E.; Gichile, M. [9783] Ethiopia K001156209 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Mooney, H.F. [5730] Ethiopia K001156206 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Schimper [1338] Ethiopia K001156207 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Andrews, F.W. [[A1939] ] Sudan K001156200 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Meyer, F.G. [7766] Ethiopia K001156205 Yes
Jan 1, 2010 Mooney, H.F. [6765] Ethiopia K001156201 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Chapman, J.D. [4004] Nigeria K000489378 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Daramola, B.O. [62453] Nigeria K000489379 Yes
Jan 1, 2004 Onana, J.-M. [1924] Cameroon K000212996 Yes
Oct 1, 2003 Pollard, B.J. [1035] Cameroon K000212630 Yes
Jul 2, 1905 Raynal, J. [20752] Rwanda K000441884 Yes
Jul 2, 1905 Le Testu, G. [8021] Gabon K000441888 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [4581] Sri Lanka K001152912 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B12557] Kenya K001157572 Yes
s.coll [1215] Uganda K001157548 Yes
Goldsmith, B. [7/68] Zimbabwe K001158605 Yes
s.coll [9525] Cameroon K001155950 Yes
Luke, W.R.Q.; Mwangulango, R.; Butynski, T.; Ehardt, C.; et al [7959] Tanzania K001157584 Yes
Strey, R.G. [3843] South Africa K001159231 Yes
Waas, S. [467] Sri Lanka K001152907 Yes
s.coll [1302] K001152885 Yes
Thomson, G. [s.n.] Sri Lanka K001152914 Yes
Mgaza, C.D. [27] Tanzania K001157588 Yes
Thwaites [CP1903] Sri Lanka K001152910 Yes
Rani, N. [28282] India K001152898 Yes
Richards, M.A.E. [20354] Tanzania K001157582 Yes
Semsei, S. [4126] Tanzania K001157599 Yes
Owan, M. [1460] South Africa K001159219 Yes
s.coll [4189] K001152883 Yes
Bally, J. [22] Kenya K001157566 Yes
Matthew, K.M. [51696] India K001152884 Yes
Bally, J. [B3622] Kenya K001157571 Yes
Wilson, C.T. [132] Uganda K001157558 Yes
Prior, A. [s.n.] K001159206 Yes
Fernandes, J. [1055] India K001152891 Yes
s.coll [1460] K001159207 Yes
Dale, I.R. [3242] Kenya K001157561 Yes
s.coll [9031] Tanzania K001157594 Yes
Juniper, B.E.; Newbould, J.G.B.; Jefford, T.G. [1937] Tanzania K001157590 Yes
Mabatha, F.W.; Nkuna, L.A. [2147] South Africa K001159218 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [4581] Sri Lanka K001152913 Yes
Faden, R.B.; Beentje, H.J.; Ndiang'ui, N.; Mutangah, J.; et al [376] Kenya K001157559 Yes
Repton, J.E. [1605] South Africa K001159214 Yes
Bourne [s.n.] India K001152903 Yes
Greenway [3074] Kenya K001157580 Yes
Raynal, J. [20752] Rwanda K001155951 Yes
Chase, N.C. [5164] Zimbabwe K001158604 Yes
Watkins, G. [590] Tanzania K001157581 Yes
Nana [5654] K001152887 Yes
s.coll [313] Tanzania K001157577 Yes
Oates, J.F. [159] India K001152899 Yes
Richards, H.M. [21632] Tanzania K001157578 Yes
Tanner, R. [5782] Tanzania K001157576 Yes
Faden, R.B. [65/534] Kenya K001157570 Yes
Haarer, A.E. [2441] Kenya K001157574 Yes
Kostermans, A.J.G.H. [26207] India K001152900 Yes
Pentz, J.A. [299] South Africa K001159208 Yes
Perdue, R.E.; Kibuwa, S.P. [9474] Kenya K001157560 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [4585] Sri Lanka K001152908 Yes
Herb Haines, H.H. [4180] K001152904 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] K001159228 Yes
Koritschoner, H. [1234] Tanzania K001157579 Yes
Wightman, N.; Alfonsi, J.; Conradie, C.; Du Plessis, D.; Du Plessis, S.; O'Connor, N. [NCW647] Zambia K001634273 Yes
s.coll [2715] India K001152897 Yes
Luke, W.R.Q.; Mwangulango, R.; Butynski, T.; Ehardt, C.; et al [7708] Tanzania K001157585 Yes
Someren, C., van [7337] Kenya K001157569 Yes
Strey, R.G. [3843] South Africa K001159232 Yes
Prior, A. [s.n.] K001159224 Yes
s.coll [64] Uganda K001157554 Yes
Whyte, A. [s.n.] Kenya K001157563 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] India K001152905 Yes
Polhill; Verdcourt [267] Kenya K001157567 Yes
Arnold, M.H.M. ["H"] South Africa K:SPC-35772.003 No
Sumithraarachchi, D.B. [912] Sri Lanka K001152911 Yes
Andrews, A. [1939] Sudan K:SPC-01111.000 No
Greenway, P.J. [4183] Tanzania K001157596 Yes
s.coll [1664] Uganda K001157553 Yes
Robson, N.K.B. [1674] Malawi K001158607 Yes
Harris, C.M. [161] Uganda K001157556 Yes
Pegler, A.M. [709] South Africa K001159223 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B12557] Kenya K001157573 Yes
Herb Morrison, A. [s.n.] Australia K001154199 Yes
Gardner, H.M. [1149] Kenya K001157568 Yes
Gardner [s.n.] K001152892 Yes
Richards, M.A.E. [22015] Tanzania K001157598 Yes
Salubeni, A.J. [1490] Malawi K001158608 Yes
Bruce, E.M. [456] Tanzania K001157589 Yes
Rodin, R.J. [4519] Eswatini K001159233 Yes
Marriott, W.E. [22643] South Africa K001159210 Yes
Rodin, R.J. [3959] South Africa K001159213 Yes
Drummond, R.B.; Hemsley, J.H. [2422] Tanzania K001157592 Yes
Brown, N.E. [s.n.] South Africa K001159225 Yes
s.coll [746] Uganda K001157557 Yes
Gillett, J.B. [1328] South Africa K001159205 Yes
Semsei, S. [2830] Tanzania K001157595 Yes
Hohenacker, R.F. [1075] India K001152895 Yes
Mergg, A.O.D. [11511] South Africa K001159220 Yes
Lye, K.A. [1953] Uganda K001157551 Yes
Thwaites [CP1903] Sri Lanka K001152909 Yes
Gutzwiller [1548] Congo, Republic of the K001155954 Yes
Bourne [456] India K001152902 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] India K001152889 Yes
Krishnappa, D.G. [397] India K001152890 Yes
s.coll [217] Uganda K001157549 Yes
Prendergast, H.D.V. [HDVP387] Eswatini K001159235 Yes
Cribb, P.; Grey-Wilson, C. [10117] Tanzania K001157597 Yes
Bruce, E.M. [188] Tanzania K001157587 Yes
Magogo, F. [193] Tanzania K001157593 Yes
Herb Dalzell, N.A. [s.n.] India K001152882 Yes
Welman, M. [432] South Africa K001159212 Yes
Bally, P.R.O. [B7468] Kenya K001157564 Yes
Bruce, E.M. [188] Tanzania K001157586 Yes
Arnold, M.H.M. [s.n.] South Africa K001159211 Yes
s.coll [4495] South Africa K001159204 Yes
Chambers, G.A. [K59] Tanzania K001157575 Yes
Prendergast, H.D.V. [HDVP387] Eswatini K001159234 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [14294] India K001152893 Yes
Zeyher, C.L.P. [908] K001159229 Yes
Gardner, H.M. [1149] Kenya K001157565 Yes
Galpin, E.E. [9039] South Africa K001159230 Yes
Semsei, S. [2182] Tanzania K001157600 Yes
Dümmer, R.A. [3611] Uganda K001157552 Yes
s.coll [356] South Africa K001159217 Yes
Loveridge, M.V. [95] Uganda K001157555 Yes
Herb Wight [1571] K001152906 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] South Africa K001159227 Yes
Brink, E. [294] South Africa K001159221 Yes
s.coll [61] Uganda K001157550 Yes
Jefford, T.G.; Juniper, B.E.; Newbould, J.G.B. [1937] Tanzania K001157591 Yes
Gamble, J.S. [11419] India K001152894 Yes
Herb. Gay, J.É. [s.n.] France K001168896 Yes
Bourne [2809] India K001152901 Yes
Herb Wight [2022] K001152896 Yes
Maas Geesteranus, R.A. [6247] Kenya K001157562 Yes
Richards, M.A.E. [20354] Tanzania K001157583 Yes
Devenish, N.J. [1580] South Africa K001159216 Yes
Wild, H. [3263] Zimbabwe K001158606 Yes
Dalzell [s.n.] India K001152886 Yes
Bolus, H. [2407] South Africa K001159222 Yes
Kuntze, C.E.O. [94] South Africa K001159226 Yes
Scheepers, J.C. [676] South Africa K001159215 Yes
Sedgwick, L.J. [4745] K001152888 Yes
Winter, B., de [8273] South Africa K001159209 Yes
Mar 1, 1998 Ujor, E.U. [FHI 30356] Cameroon Solanum seretii K000028659 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2624] Solanum vagum K001116638 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2624] Solanum vagum K001116639 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2610] Solanum farinosum K001116564 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2610] India Solanum farinosum K001116565 Unknown Type Material Yes
Noton, E. [Cat. no. 2610] India Solanum farinosum K001116566 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images