Solanum macrocarpon L.
Distribution
Native to:
Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
China Southeast, Egypt, Guatemala, Jamaica, Malaya, Mauritius, Réunion, Sri Lanka
Synonyms
Homotypic Synonyms
- Solanum crassifolium Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 133 (1796), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic Synonyms
- Solanum atropo Schumach. & Thonn. in Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 124 (1827)
- Solanum calicinum Dunal in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3: 747 (1814)
- Solanum calycinum Hurt. ex Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 431 (1852), not validly publ.
- Solanum calycinum Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal in Solan. Syn.: 10 (1816)
- Solanum dasyphyllum var. kilimandschari (Dammer) Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 192 (1923)
- Solanum decaisneanum Schimp. ex Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 191 (1923), pro syn.
- Solanum dimorphum Matsum. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 56 (1901)
- Solanum farini Dammer in Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 21: 405 (1896)
- Solanum grandiflorum Vahl ex Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 313 (1852), not validly publ.
- Solanum kilimandschari Dammer in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 352 (1895)
- Solanum macrocarpon var. calvum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 198 (1923)
- Solanum macrocarpon var. columnaristellatum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 200 (1923)
- Solanum macrocarpon var. parcesetosum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 199 (1923)
- Solanum macrocarpon var. primovestitum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 200 (1923)
- Solanum macrocarpon var. setosiciliatum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 200 (1923)
- Solanum melongena var. depressum L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 6: 3182 (1917)
- Solanum mors-elephantum Dammann in Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 19: 29 (1894)
- Solanum thonningianum J.Jacq. in Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 123 (1815)
- Solanum toxicarium Rich. in Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107 (1792)
- Solanum zanonii Gouan in Ill. Observ. Bot.: 7 (1773)
Publications
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
- Aubriot, X. & Knapp, S. (2022). A revision of the "spiny solanums" of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1-270.
- Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
- Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
- PBI Solanum Project (2014-continuously updated). Solanaceae Source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family http://www.solanaceaesource.org/.
- Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flore du Gabon 55: 1-137. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Bitter in Fedde Rep., Beih. 16: 195 (1923)
- Burkill in Kew Bull. 1925: 333.
- F.T.A. 4, 2: 214
- Mant. Alt. 205 (1771)
- incl. var. calvum Bitter in Fedde Rep., Beih. 16: 198 (1923), and other varieties
Flora Zambesiaca
- A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13, 1: 353 (1852).
- Belmontia 22: 213, t. 5.35, phot. 5.26 (1990).
- Binns, First Check List Herb. Fl. Malawi: 98 (1968).
- Bothalia 17: 91–95 cum t. 1–4 & phot. 1–6 (1987)
- Bothalia 18: 84 (1988).
- Brenan & Greenway, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 586 (1949).
- Bull. Jard. Bot. État 33, Suppl.: 871 (1963).
- Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1925: 333 (1925).
- D'Arcy, Solanac. Biol. & Syst.: 475 (1986).
- D'Arcy, Solanac. Biol. & Syst.: 48, 49 (1986).
- F.T.A. 4, 2: 214 (1906).
- F.W.T.A., ed. 2, 2: 334 (1963).
- Gentes Herb. 12: 263 (1984).
- Hepper, W. Afr. Herb. Isert & Thonn.: 121 (1976).
- Jaeger, Syst. Stud. Solanum in Afr.: 425 (1985) incl. subsp. dasyphyllum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Jaeger and subsp. macrocarpon.
- Kew Bull. 40: 389 (1985).
- Knüpffer & Ochsmann (eds.), Rudolf Mansfeld and Plant Genetic Resources, Schriften Genet. Ressourcen 22: 137 (2003). Habitat in Peru.
- Mant. Pl. Alt.: 205 (1771).
- Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 195 (1923) as “macrocarpum”.
- T. & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol.: 393 (1909).
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Aubriot, X. & Knapp, S. (2022). A revision of the "spiny solanums" of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1-270.
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- F.T.A. 4, 2: 214 (1906)
- F.W.T.A. 2nd ed., 2: 334 (1963)
- F.Z. 8(4): 105 (2005)
- Fl. Eth. 5: 137 (2006).
- Mant. Pl. Altera: 205 (1771)
- T.T.C.L.: 586 (1949)
Other Data
Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status | Has image? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun 4, 2009 | Ebbe, J. [598], Ethiopia | K000441505 | Yes | ||
Jun 4, 2009 | Meyer, F.G. [8762], Ethiopia | K000441503 | Yes | ||
Jun 4, 2009 | Meyer, F.G. [7790], Ethiopia | K000441504 | Yes | ||
Apr 24, 2009 | Johns, T. [86504], Gabon | K000441484 | Yes | ||
Apr 24, 2009 | Fay, J.M. [5424], Central African Republic | K000441483 | Yes | ||
Apr 24, 2009 | Bequaert, J.C.C. [2371], Congo | K000441485 | Yes | ||
Apr 24, 2009 | Anonymous [s.n.] | K000441486 | Yes | ||
Feb 12, 1977 | Van Epenhuijsen, C.W. [37], Nigeria | K000212456 | Yes | ||
Jan 1, 1961 | Ogu [0 s.n.], Cameroon | K000028643 | Yes | ||
Dec 1, 1958 | Irvine, F.R. [3605], Nigeria | K000212454 | Yes | ||
Deighton, F.C. [2868], Sierra Leone | 16656.000 | No | |||
Deighton, F.C. [2866], Sierra Leone | 16657.000 | No | |||
Tessman, G. [577], Equatorial Guinea | K000414035 | isotype | Yes | ||
s.coll. [s.n.], Madagascar | K000212372 | No | |||
Hall [47103], Ghana | K000212438 | Yes | |||
Thomas, N.W. [1162], Sierra Leone | K000212451 | Yes | |||
Irvine, F.R. [4686], Ghana | K000212459 | Yes | |||
s.coll [s.n.] | K001169254 | Yes | |||
Johns, T. [480], Cameroon | K001155953 | Yes | |||
Maitland, T.D. [676], Uganda | K001157744 | Yes | |||
Purseglove, J.W. [P1861], Uganda | K001157747 | Yes | |||
Trapnell, C.G. [1241], Zambia | K001158641 | Yes | |||
Westphal, E. [9785], Cameroon | K001169246 | Yes | |||
Eyles, F. [2151], Zimbabwe | K001158639 | Yes | |||
Hepper, F.N. [4498], Sri Lanka | K001169247 | Yes | |||
Purseglove, J.W. [P1893], Uganda | K001157745 | Yes | |||
Hall [47137], Ghana | K000212436 | Yes | |||
Hall [47123], Ghana | K000212441 | Yes | |||
Katende, A.B. [K97], Uganda | K001157750 | Yes | |||
Buchanan, J. [1054], Malawi | K001158638 | Yes | |||
Deighton, F.C. [1803], Sierra Leone | K000212446 | Yes | |||
Deighton, F.C. [1803], Sierra Leone | K000212447 | Yes | |||
Thornewill, A.S. [95], Nigeria | K000212453 | Yes | |||
s.coll [31] | K001169251 | Yes | |||
Whyte, A. [s.n.], Uganda | K001157749 | Yes | |||
Daumlira, E.K. [D41], Uganda | K001157746 | Yes | |||
Haerdi, F. [52/92], Tanzania | K001157751 | Yes | |||
Hall [47128], Ghana | K000212443 | Yes | |||
Hall [47138], Ghana | K000212439 | Yes | |||
Hall [47132], Ghana | K000212440 | Yes | |||
s.coll [33], Egypt | K001169248 | Yes | |||
s.coll [s.n.] | K001169249 | Yes | |||
Hall [47103], Ghana | K000212437 | Yes | |||
Thomas, N.W. [991], Sierra Leone | K000212449 | Yes | |||
Haniff, M. [s.n.], Singapore | K001153262 | Yes | |||
Last [s.n.], United Kingdom | K001169252 | Yes | |||
Wit, P. [164], Nigeria | K000212460 | Yes | |||
s.coll [D41], Uganda | K001157748 | Yes | |||
Milsum, J.N. [37420], Malaysia | K001153261 | Yes | |||
Maitland, T.D. [82], Uganda | K001157742 | Yes | |||
Gossweiler [8371], Angola | K001158642 | Yes | |||
Purseglove, J.W. [P1757], Uganda | K001157741 | Yes | |||
Deighton, F.C. [1803], Sierra Leone | K000212445 | Yes | |||
Trapnell, C.G. [1451], Zambia | K001158640 | Yes | |||
Hooker [2], Madagascar | K000212373 | Yes | |||
Irvine, F.R. [5494], Ghana | K000212457 | Yes | |||
Haniff, M. [s.n.], Singapore | K001153260 | Yes | |||
Irvine, F.R. [5495], Ghana | K000212458 | Yes | |||
Hall [47124], Ghana | K000212442 | Yes | |||
Dalziel, J.M. [1189], Nigeria | K000212455 | Yes | |||
Thomas, N.W. [1635], Sierra Leone | K000212450 | Yes | |||
Hall [47133], Ghana | K000212444 | Yes | |||
Maitland, T.D. [676], Uganda | K001157743 | Yes | |||
Balfour, I.B. [s.n.], Madagascar | K000212371 | Yes | |||
Hepper, F.N. [8701], United Kingdom | K001169250 | Yes | |||
Fisher, J.D. [94], Sierra Leone | K000212448 | Yes | |||
Gumbleton [s.n.] | K001169253 | Yes | |||
Thomas, N.W. [2063], Sierra Leone | K000212452 | Yes |
Sources
-
Flora Zambesiaca
- Flora Zambesiaca
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Flora of Tropical East Africa
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Flora of West Tropical Africa
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
-
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
- Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
-
Kew Backbone Distributions
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
- The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
- © Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
-
Kew Science Photographs
- Copyright applied to individual images