Solanaceae
Solanum

Solanum retroflexum Dunal

First published in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 50 (1852)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is S. Tropical & S. Africa. It is an annual or perennial and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

California, Illinois, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • PBI Solanum Project (2014-continuously updated). Solanaceae Source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family http://www.solanaceaesource.org/.
  • Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Särkinen, T. & al. (2018). A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1-223.

Flora Zambesiaca

  • A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13, 1: 50 (1852).
  • Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 490 (1911).
  • Compton, Fl. Swaziland: 518 (1976).
  • Edmonds & Chweya, Black Nightshades: 34, fig. 7 (1997). TAB. 16.
  • J. Adel. Bot. Gard. 4: 50, fig. 6, 148/K, 159/K (1981).
  • Ross, Fl. Natal: 308 (1972).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2019). https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738. epublication.
  • Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Särkinen, T. & al. (2018). A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1-223.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2017 Best, E.B. [499] K001169719 Yes
Oct 1, 2016 Steenis, C.G.G.J., van [24079] South Africa K000922250 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Galpin, E.E. [M-747] South Africa K001159410 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Hanekom, W.J. [2499] South Africa K001159395 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Compton, R.H. [25011] Eswatini K001159435 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Sankey, H.J. [200] South Africa K001159429 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Zeyher, C.L.P. [3473] South Africa K001159416 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Gill, W. [s.n.] South Africa K000922168 No
Nov 1, 2015 Harvey, A.D. [s.n.] South Africa K000922166 No
Nov 1, 2015 Nation, O. [49] South Africa K001159394 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Burchell, W.J. [856] South Africa K000922165 No
Nov 1, 2015 Wilms, F. [3458] South Africa K001159403 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Molepo, L. [18] South Africa K001159408 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Diamini, M.D.; Nkuna, L.A.; Wyk, E. [612] South Africa K001159389 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Codd, L.E. [10152] South Africa K001159419 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Liebenberg, L.C.C. [7410] South Africa K001159433 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Leistner, O.A.; Joynt, V. [2706] South Africa K001159400 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Liebenberg, L.C.C. [8842] South Africa K001159418 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Medley Wood, J. [811] South Africa K000922173 No
Nov 1, 2015 Thompson, M.F.; Le Roux [134] South Africa K001159396 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Hilliard, O.M.; Burtt, B.L. [15180] South Africa K001159425 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Pearson, H.H.W. [9834] Namibia K001159436 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wilman, M. [3192] South Africa K001159401 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Bayliss, R.D.A. [BRI-761] South Africa K001159391 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Bolus, H. [50] South Africa K001159417 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Brown; Shapiro [330] South Africa K001159360 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Taylor, H.C. [3205] South Africa K001159398 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Burtt Davy, J. [17658] South Africa K001159411 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Henrici, M. [3080] South Africa K001159415 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Gill, W. [s.n.] South Africa K001159421 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 McClean, A.P.D. [28270] South Africa K001159424 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Schinz, H. [806] South Africa K001159423 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Baur, R. [102] South Africa K000922170 No
Nov 1, 2015 Williamson, C. [48] Lesotho K001159357 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Liebenberg, L.C.C. [6877] South Africa K001159432 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Vueeden, D.V. [97] South Africa K001159412 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Múller, P.J.; Schespere, J.C. [54] South Africa K001159414 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Werger, M.J.A. [236] South Africa K001159430 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wright, C. [s.n.] South Africa K001159409 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Jacobs, M. [8533] South Africa K001159431 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Nation, O. [49] South Africa K001159407 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wolley-Dod, A.H. [3318] South Africa K001159404 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Nicholas, A. [2369] South Africa K001159426 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Welman, M. [369] South Africa K001159420 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Balsinhas, A. [2901] South Africa K001159413 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Phillipson, P.B. [1354] South Africa K001159390 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Williams, I. [2744] South Africa K001159399 Yes
Jun 1, 2015 Cooper, T. [187] South Africa K001159393 No
Jun 1, 2015 Strey, R.G. [9409] South Africa K001159427 Yes
May 1, 2015 Dieterlen, A. [157] Lesotho K001159434 Yes
Nov 1, 2014 Wolley-Dod, A.H. [856] South Africa K000922164 No
Nov 1, 2011 Schlieben, H.J. [7009] South Africa K001159422 Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Drewe, P.B. [174] South Africa K000658432 Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Seydel, R. [3783] Namibia K000658431 Yes
Grierson, M. [253] Israel K001151849 Yes
Goodier, R. [287] Malawi K001158680 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C73 & C74] Australia K001153967 Yes
Wild, H. [539] Zimbabwe K001158694 Yes
Brummitt, R.K.; Polhill, R.M.; Banda, E.A. [16107] Malawi K001158677 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C112] United Kingdom K001169945 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [53043] Jordan K001151850 Yes
Best, E.B. [499] Zimbabwe K001158689 Yes
Codd, L.E. [7443] Zambia K001158684 Yes
Muller, T. [743] Zimbabwe K001169942 Yes
Hinds [s.n.] Ecuador K000414173 Unknown Type Material No
Mett, P.J. [236C] Botswana K001158702 Yes
Philcox, D.; Leppard, M.J. [8823] Zimbabwe K001158687 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C37] United Kingdom K001169944 Yes
Arnold, H. [10206] Zimbabwe K001158696 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C73] United Kingdom K001169939 Yes
Gilliland, H.B. [476] Zimbabwe K001158693 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C112] United Kingdom K001169943 Yes
Wild, H. [3961] Zimbabwe K001158686 Yes
Drege [7864] South Africa K000414175 Unknown Type Material Yes
Senderayi, E. [226] Zimbabwe K001158691 Yes
Miller, O.B. [4341] Zimbabwe K001158688 Yes
Hinds [s.n.] Chile K000414174 Unknown Type Material No
Davies, R.M. [1190] Zimbabwe K001158697 Yes
Hutchison, J.; Gillett, J.B. [3767] Zambia K001158707 Yes
Gilliland, H.B. [K974] Zimbabwe K001158692 Yes
Hawkes; Hjerting; Okada; Rahn [3364] Argentina K001169938 Yes
Teague, A.J. [74] Zimbabwe K001158690 Yes
Liebenberg, L.C.C. [8240] South Africa K001159428 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [5353] Zambia K001158682 Yes
Welwitsch [6036] Angola K001029760 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [10323] Malawi K001158678 Yes
Richards, H.M. [18770] Zambia K001158705 Yes
Norris-Rogers, A.J. [599] Zimbabwe K001158700 Yes
Timberlak, J.R.; Cunliffe, R.N. [4521] Zimbabwe K001158701 Yes
Biegel, H.M. [1413] Zimbabwe K001158703 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C112] United Kingdom K001169946 Yes
Chapman, J.D. [s.n.] Malawi K001158706 Yes
Drege [7864] South Africa K000414172 Unknown Type Material Yes
Richards, H.M. [16686] Malawi K001158681 Yes
Corby, H.D.L. [20917] Zimbabwe K001158698 Yes
Hislop, A. [Z.155] Zimbabwe K001158695 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Kwatha, R.B. [4818] Malawi K001158679 Yes
Leteinturier, B.; Malaisse, F.; Matera, J. [145] Zambia K001158683 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C74] United Kingdom K001169941 Yes
s.coll [4712] Zimbabwe K001158699 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [8310] Zambia K001158685 Yes
Wilman, M. [3140] South Africa K001159402 Yes
Herb Edmonds, J.M. [C112] United Kingdom K001169940 Yes
Muller, T. [743] Zimbabwe K001158704 Yes
Henderson, R.J. [H1350] Australia K001169947 Yes
Alcock, C.R. [2099] Australia K001153968 Yes
Nuvunga, A.; Mafuno, A. [256] Mozambique K001158676 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images