Family:
Apiaceae Lindl.
Genus:
Torilis Adans.

Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.f.

This species is accepted, and its native range is Macaronesia, Medit. to Central Asia and W. Himalaya.

[FIQ]

Ghazanfar, S. A. & Edmondson, J. R (Eds). (2014) Flora of Iraq, Volume 5 Part 2: Lythraceae to Campanulaceae.

Morphology General Habit
Erect or decumbent-erect annual, (5–)15–40 cm
Morphology Stem
Stems very thinly furnished with downwardly appressed strigulose hairs, terete, finely striate, with few to numerous branches from the base upwards
Morphology Leaves
Leaves all similar, bi- to subtri-pinnate, the ultimate segments short and narrow, 1.5–4 × 1 mm, upwardly appressed-hairy; lower leaves with a 2–5 cm petiole, lamina elliptic- or deltoid-oblong in outline, the upper more deltoid and sessile; all with rather long, expanded, white-margined sheaths
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Involucre
Involucre absent
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Partial umbels 6–8–flowered, the pedicels short, (0–)1–4 mm Umbels many, leaf-opposed, the peduncle about equalling or shorter than, rarely exceeding, the subtended leaf, 1.5–3(–8) mm; rays 2–3, somewhat unequal, (2–)4–15 mm, thinly appressed-hairy
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts
Involucel of ± 6 lanceolate-ovate bracteoles, rather shorter than the pedicels
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers white or pinkish, small
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Fruit 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, linear-oblong, surmounted by the persistent, rather conspicuous calyx teeth, the secondary ridges furnished with long (longer than the diameter of the mericarps) whitish to purplish glochidiate spines There is a single sessile fruit at the centre of each partial umbel which usually has considerably shorter spines than the remainder and is clearly visible owing to the length of the pedicels of the outer fruits.
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
Stigma sessile or style very short
Ecology
On the mountains in grassy patches among scrub Quercus, on limestone crags in Pinus woods, stony hillsides, in valleys, in a shady ravine, on limestone, on stony clay hills, dry steppic hilltops on the plains, also as a weed in a field; alt. (50–)400–700(–1400) m
Phenology
Flowering and fruiting: Apr.–Jun.
Distribution
Very common, locally abundant, in the lower forest zone of Iraq, occasional in the steppe region and on the irrigated alluvial plain in the desert region. W & Mediterranean Europe, Crete, Aegean Isles, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, N & NE Egypt, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, C Asia (Turkmenistan to Tian Shan), India, China, N Africa (Libya), Macaronesia.
Vernacular
LIZZAIJ (“clingweed”, Ir.-Tal Kochak, Gillett 10815); ?SIVIR HŌR (Kurd.-Dohuk, Makki Beg 3247); ?NUSAKA (Kurd.-Aqra, Rawi 11339).

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., France, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Austria, Central European Rus, Czechoslovakia, Japan, Massachusetts, Netherlands, New York, Pennsylvania, Switzerland, Ukraine

Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.f. appears in other Kew resources:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2007 Rico, L. [1681], Armenia K000297321 No

First published in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 21: 83, t. 169 (1866)

Accepted by

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce) Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
  • Bergmeier, E., Blockeel, T., Böhling, N., Fournaraki, C., Gotsiou, P., Jahn, R., Lansdown, R. & Turland, N. (2011). An inventory of the vascular plants and bryophytes of Gavdopoula island (S Aegean, Greece) and its phytogeographical significance Willdenowia 41: 179-189.
  • Boulos, L. (2000). Flora of Egypt 2: 1-352. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Chukavina, A.P. (ed.) (1984). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 7: 1-562. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 4: 1-657. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 2: 1-429. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. & Edmondson, J.R. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Iraq 5(2): 1-349. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of Japan IIc: 1-328. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Llewellyn, O.A., Hall, M., Miller, A.G., Al-Abbasi, T.M., Al-Wetaid, A.H., Al-Harbi, R.J. & Al-Shammari, K.F. (2011). Important plant areas in the Arabian peninsula: 4. Jabal Aja Edinburgh Journal of Botany 68: 199-224.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2012). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 14 Taxon 61: 1336-1345.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1977). Flora of Cyprus 1: 1-832. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Nasir, E. (1972). Flora of West Pakistan 20: 1-169.
  • Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) (1950). Flora Turkmenii 5: 1-271. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) in Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1959). Flora Uzbekistana 4: 1-507. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.

Literature

Flora of Iraq

  • Boulos, Fl. Egypt 2: 186 (2000).
  • Cullen in Fl. Turk. 4: 522 (1972);
  • E. Nasir in Fl. Pak. 20: 108, f. 32 (1972);
  • Grossh., Fl. Kavk. ed. 2, 7: 43 (1967);
  • H. Riedl in Fl. Lowland Iraq: 456 (1964);
  • Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Balc. 1: 1056 (1927);
  • Meikle, Fl. Cyprus 1: 702 (1977);
  • Mouterde, Nouv. Fl. Lib. et Syr. 2: 593 (1970);
  • Peev in Fl. Iranica 162: 127 (1987);
  • Reichb. f. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: 83, t. 169 (1867);
  • Schischkin in Fl. SSSR 16: 163 (1950);
  • V. Tackh., Stud. Fl. Egypt ed. 2, 2: 397 (1974);
  • Zohary, Fl. Palaest. 2: 396 (1972);

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce) Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
  • Boulos, L. (2000). Flora of Egypt 2: 1-352. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Chukavina, A.P. (ed.) (1984). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 7: 1-562. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  • Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants/.
  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 4: 1-657. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 2: 1-429. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. & Edmondson, J.R. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Iraq 5(2): 1-349. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
  • Hedge, I.C., Lamond, J.M. & Rechinger, K.H. (1987). Flora Iranica 162: 1-555. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of Japan IIc: 1-328. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
  • Llewellyn, O.A., Hall, M., Miller, A.G., Al-Abbasi, T.M., Al-Wetaid, A.H., Al-Harbi, R.J. & Al-Shammari, K.F. (2011). Important plant areas in the Arabian peninsula: 4. Jabal Aja Edinburgh Journal of Botany 68: 199-224.
  • Marhold, K. (ed.) (2012). IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 14 Taxon 61: 1336-1345.
  • Meikle, R.D. (1977). Flora of Cyprus 1: 1-832. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) (1950). Flora Turkmenii 5: 1-271. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
  • von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2005-continuously updated). The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

  • Flora of Iraq

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    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2022. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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