Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss.

First published in Euphorb. Gen.: 80, 111 (1824)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Malesia to SW. Pacific. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Fiji, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu

Introduced into:

Bangladesh, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Haiti, Leeward Is., Line Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Mozambique, New Caledonia, Niue, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Society Is., Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Venezuelan Antilles, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is., Windward Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.
  • Chayamarit, K. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). Euphorbiaceae (Genera A-F). Flora of Thailand 8(1): 1-303. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Sachet, M.-H. (1983). Takapoto atoll, Tuamotu archipelago: terrestrial vegetation and flora. Atoll Research Bulletin 277: 1-41.
  • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Calane da Silva, M., Izdine, S. & Amuse, A.B. (2004). A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Mozambique: 1-184. SABONET, Pretoria.
  • Chayamarit, K. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). Euphorbiaceae (Genera A-F). Flora of Thailand 8(1): 1-303. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Sachet, M.-H. (1983). Takapoto atoll, Tuamotu archipelago: terrestrial vegetation and flora. Atoll Research Bulletin 277: 1-41.
  • Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Whitmore, T.C. (1966). Guide to the forests of the British Solomon islands: 1-208. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Adr. Juss., Euphorb. Gen. Tent.: 111, t. 9, fig. 30 (1824).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 204 (1949).
  • Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 1119 (1866).
  • Pax in A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147(3): 23 (1911).
  • Troupin, Fl. Rwanda 2: 214, t. 62/1 (1983).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2022 Kuria, T.; Johns, R.; Simaga, J.; Gidion, G. [LAE 88726] Papua New Guinea K001235524 No
Jan 1, 2020 Johns, R.J. [11063] Papua New Guinea K001235464 No
Oct 1, 2017 Johns, R.J., et al. [10878] Papua New Guinea K001235452 No
Sep 1, 2017 Johns, R.J. [10965] Papua New Guinea K001235235 No
Sep 1, 2017 Simaga, J.M. [9296] Papua New Guinea K001235459 No
Sep 1, 2017 Simaga, J.M. [9295] Papua New Guinea K001235460 No
Sep 1, 2017 Johns, R.J. [12888] Papua New Guinea K001235451 No
Sep 1, 2017 s.coll. [207] Papua New Guinea K001235463 No
Sep 1, 2017 Takeuchi, W.; Ama, D. [17930] Papua New Guinea K001235238 No
Sep 1, 2017 Takeuchi, W.; Ama, D. [17930] Papua New Guinea K001235237 No
Oct 1, 2010 Darbyshire, I. [333] Cameroon K000678373 Yes
May 1, 2002 Ghogue, J.-P. [491] Cameroon K000026601 Yes
May 1, 2002 Etuge, M. [1550] Cameroon K000026600 Yes
Billy Bau [LAE82848] Papua New Guinea K004780585 Yes
Poncy, O.; Franck, F. [2469] Vanuatu K004780709 Yes
Merrill [s.n.] K004780563 Yes
Johns, R.; Bagoera, G.; Simaga, J.M.; Kunia, T. [10870A] Papua New Guinea K001569657 Yes
Simaga, J.M., et al. [9260] Papua New Guinea K001235450 No
Prescott, T.A.K. [80] Papua New Guinea K004780610 Yes
Vieillard [s.n.] New Caledonia K004780825 Yes
Pignal, M. [2879] Vanuatu K004780710 Yes
Lovave, M. [LAE82474] Papua New Guinea K004780623 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [789] Papua New Guinea K004780588 Yes
Prescott, T.A.K. [14] Papua New Guinea K004780609 Yes
Haevermans, T.; Labat, J.N.; Rollard, C.; Gargominy, O.; Fontaine, B.; Tick; Gibson [369] Vanuatu K001636297 Yes
Trethowan, L.; Rustiami, H.; Bramley, G.; Puglisi, C.; Mus; Jhon; Azim; Wira [1233] Indonesia K001905038 Yes
Trethowan, L.; Rustiami, H.; Bramley, G.; Puglisi, C.; Mus; Jhon; Azim; Wira [1233] Indonesia K001905039 Yes
Lovave, M. [LAE82282] Papua New Guinea K004780622 Yes
Bourdy, G. [149] Vanuatu K004780712 Yes
Billy Bau [LAE82885] Papua New Guinea K004780586 Yes
Kiapranis, R.; Kuria, T.; Kaigube, F.; Sennat, S. [LAE87074] Papua New Guinea K004780625 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [789] Papua New Guinea K004780587 Yes
Takeuchi, W.; Ama, D. [16302] Papua New Guinea K000648381 No
Mendoza, D.R. [98642] Philippines K004780564 Yes
Pillon, Y. [1107] Vanuatu K004780711 Yes
Runikera, P.; et al. [BSIP10442] Solomon Islands K004780683 Yes
Mckee, H.S. [RSNH24087] Vanuatu K004780754 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Hong Kong K004780479 Yes
Curry, P. [1066] Vanuatu K004780715 Yes
s.coll. [3739] Philippines K004780561 Yes
s.coll. [K409] Panama K000716167 Yes
Wheatley, J.I. [263] Vanuatu K004780714 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [10000] Haiti K000716169 Yes
Wheatley, J.I. [407] Vanuatu K004780713 Yes
Alexander Prior, R.C. [5818] Jamaica K000716168 Yes
Merrill [s.n.] K004780562 Yes
Kerenga, K.; & others [LAE77410] Papua New Guinea K004780584 Yes
Sands, M.J.S. [792] Papua New Guinea K004780626 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Indonesia K000959347 Unknown Type Material Yes
Buchholz, J.T. [1504] New Caledonia K004780826 Yes
s.coll. [18115] New Caledonia K004780827 Yes
Kiapranis, R.; Kuria, T.; Kaibube, F.; Sennat, S. [LAE87087] Papua New Guinea K004780624 Yes
Vieillard [[K]] New Caledonia K004780824 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0