Verbenaceae
Stachytarpheta

Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl

First published in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 206 (1804)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Mexico to Tropical America. It is a subshrub or shrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela

Introduced into:

Bangladesh, Burkina, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Phoenix Is., Sudan, Togo, Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Atkins, S. (2005). The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bulletin 60: 161-272.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fernandes, R.B. (2006). Contribução para o conhecimento das Avicenniaceae e Verbenaceae da Flora de Angola. Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17(2): 5-68.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Stoddard, D.R. (1994). Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific. Atoll Research Bulletin 393: 1-60.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E. & Grayum, M.H. (2011). Lectotypification and reinstatement of Stachytarpheta friedrichsthalii (Verbenaceae), with notes on the Lectotypification of S. indica. Novon 21: 437-439.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2022). Flore du Gabon 58: 1-150. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Brenan in Kew Bull. 5: 225 (1950)
  • Chev. Bot. 503
  • Danser in Ann. Jard. Bot. Bultenz. 40: 5 (1929)
  • Enum. Pl. 1: 206 (1805)
  • F.T.A. 5: 284, mostly

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Atkins, S. (2005). The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bulletin 60: 161-272.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Stoddard, D.R. (1994). Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific. Atoll Research Bulletin 393: 1-60.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Jongkind, C. (2014). Fauna & Flora of Liberia, flowering plant species list www.liberianfaunaflora.org.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2022). Flore du Gabon 58: 1-150. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Moldenke, Rev. Fl. Ceylon 4: 265 (1983).
  • R. Fernandes in Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 57: 88, 95 (1984);.
  • Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 206 (1804).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
May 1, 2001 Cheek, M. [9533] Cameroon K000107551 Yes
Anderson, B. [975] Tanzania K004869401 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [12313] Cote d'Ivoire K001297760 Yes
Eggeling, W.J. [E3865] Uganda K004869391 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P1082] Uganda K004869392 Yes
Letouzey, R. [13683] Cameroon K004949853 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4173] Sierra Leone K:SPC-18954.000 No
de Kruif, A.P.M. [28] Cote d'Ivoire K001562678 No
de Kruif, A.P.M. [12] Cote d'Ivoire K001562599 Yes
[Bane] [s.n.] K004868901 Yes
Urquhart [241] China K004868762 Yes
Thomas, A.S. [Th1954] K004869396 Yes
Chancellor, R.J. [289] Uganda K004869393 Yes
Hazel, C. [437] Uganda K004869397 Yes
Cowdry, W. [7] Australia K004869038 Yes
Scott, E.M. [EA11765] Uganda K004869394 Yes
Musk, H. [8] Tanzania K004869400 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [612] Nigeria K:SPC-16937.000 No
Wellby, M.S. [s.n.] K004869395 Yes
Greenway [5095] Tanzania K004869399 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [7525] Tanzania K004869398 Yes
Manning, S.D. [1858] Cameroon K004869356 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Hatschbach, G.; Motta, J.T. [63127] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065307 No
Apr 15, 2002 Murca Pires, J.; Cavalcante, P.B. [52359] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065304 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Spruce, R. [1156] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065308 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Melo, E.; Franca, F. [1184] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013804 No
Apr 15, 2002 Herb. Mus. Vien [170] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065311 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Burchell [9071] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065310 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Drouet, F. [2218] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013799 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Burchell [9071] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065305 No
Apr 15, 2002 Hatschbach, G.; Barbosa, E. [56659] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013802 No
Apr 15, 2002 Glaziou, A.F.M. [13062] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065306 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Andrade, K.; Andrade, M. [210] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013805 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Spruce, R. Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065312 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Preston, T.A. Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013806 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Herb. Mus. Vindob. [170] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065301 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Gardner Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013807 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 de Moura, O.T. [639] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013800 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Gardner [3934] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065302 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Trail, J.W.H. [666] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065309 Yes
Apr 15, 2002 Lewis, G.P.; Mello-Silva, R.; Pirani, J.R.; Furlan, A.; Harley, R.M. [CFCR7477] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065303 No
Sep 14, 2001 Lima, A. [53-1472] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065244 Yes
Sep 14, 2001 Gardner [3934] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000065243 Yes
Sep 14, 2001 Gardner [1106] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013736 Yes
May 19, 2000 dos Santos, E.B. [12] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000014354 No
May 19, 2000 Lewis, G.P.; Mello-Silva, R.; Pirani, J.R.; Furlan, A.; Harley, R.M. [CFCR 7477] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000014353 No
Jan 1, 1992 Agra, M.F.; Gois, G. [1213] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013803 No
Hatschbach, G.; Hatschbach, M.; Barbosa, E. [56974] Brazil Stachytarpheta elatior K000013801 No
Jan 1, 2005 Franca, F. [26412] Brazil Stachytarpheta angustifolia K000193232 No
Jan 1, 2004 Damasceno, G.A.; Nakajima, J.N.; Romero, R.; Pott, V.J. [2956] Brazil Stachytarpheta angustifolia K000944071 Yes
Jan 1, 1987 Ule, E. [7866] Brazil Stachytarpheta angustifolia K000944069 Yes
Jan 1, 1987 Jenman [5542] Guyana Stachytarpheta angustifolia K000470978 Type Yes
Chancellor, R.J. [289] Uganda Stachytarpheta angustifolia K:SPC-24173.000 No
[D. O'H. Masintioh] [28K] South Sudan Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869385 Yes
Lock, J.M. [81/220] Sudan Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869388 Yes
Andrews, F.W. [1001] Sudan Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869389 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [4172] Sierra Leone Stachytarpheta angustifolia K:SPC-22050.000 No
Broun, A.F. (Mr.); Broun, A.F. (Mrs.); Broun, H.M. [1597] Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869386 Yes
Ule, E. [5411] Brazil Stachytarpheta angustifolia K000944070 Yes
Turner, L. [223] Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869384 Yes
Myers, J.G. [7258] Sudan Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869387 Yes
Meikle, R.D. [702] Nigeria Stachytarpheta angustifolia K:SPC-11720.000 No
Meikle, R.D. [1245] Nigeria Stachytarpheta angustifolia K:SPC-18106.000 No
Meikle, R.D. [835] Nigeria Stachytarpheta angustifolia K:SPC-18105.000 No
Schweinfurth, G. [1577] Stachytarpheta angustifolia K004869383 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2656] India Verbena indica K001116749 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 2656] India Verbena indica K001116748 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Bulletin

    • Kew Bulletin
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0