Lamiaceae
Vitex

Vitex trifolia L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 638 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is S. Somalia to Mozambique and Pacific. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Afghanistan, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Hainan, India, Iran, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Niue, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is., Western Australia

Introduced into:

Ascension, Bahamas, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Costa Rica, El Salvador, Florida, Hawaii, Mexico Southeast, Nicaragua, Seychelles, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. (2019). Flora Malesiana 23: 1-444. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Evenhuis, N.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (eds.) (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.
  • Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
  • Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • National Parks Board Singapore (2006). Vascular Plant Life Checklist Pulau Ubin www.nparks.gov.sg/nparks_cms/cms/cmsmgr/data/6/PlantChkList.xls.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • de Kok, R.P.J. (2007). The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) in New Guinea and the South Pacific islands. Kew Bulletin 62: 587-603.

Kew Species Profiles

  • Mabberley, D.J. & de Kok, R.P.J. (2004). Labiatae. In: P. Morat & H.S. Mackee, Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances, vol. 25: 20-141.
  • Sunarno, B. (1995). Vitex L. In: Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Soerianegara, I., Wong, W. C. (eds). Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Timber trees: Minor Commercial Timbers. Backhuys, Leiden.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i 2nd Edn, vol 2. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
  • de Kok, R.P.J. (2007). The genus Vitex L. in New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands. Kew Bull. 62: 587-603.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2020). https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit30.327. epublication.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Bramley, G.L.C. (2019). Flora Malesiana 23: 1-444. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., S.R. Gradstein & M. Celis (eds.). 2019. Nombres comunes de las plantas de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/es/

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Alston in Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 232 (1931).
  • C.B. Cl. in Fl. Brit India 4: 583 (1885).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 638 (1753), as “trifoliis”.
  • Moldenke in Rev. Fl. Ceylon 4: 378 (1983).
  • Singhakumara, The Biology of Vitex in Sri Lanka, D.Phil. thesis, Oxford (unpublished).
  • Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 356 (1895).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 19, 2016 Seda, G. [SAN 152552] Malaysia K000939133 No
Aug 19, 2016 Seda, G. [SAN 152553] Malaysia K000939132 No
Jan 1, 2013 I Komang Sujata (Sujata) [IKS 21] Indonesia K000734516 No
Nov 1, 2007 Luke, W.R.Q. [11696] Kenya K000479595 No
Jan 1, 2007 Piskaut, P. [20234] Papua New Guinea K000247921 No
Jan 14, 1989 Bloembergen, S. [4788] Indonesia K000672674 No
Dec 22, 1988 Goklin [2240] Malaysia K000672676 No
Dec 21, 1988 Riedel, J.G.F. [s.n.] Indonesia K000672685 No
Dec 21, 1988 Forbes, H.O. [3326a] Indonesia K000672677 No
Jan 1, 1988 Riedel, J.G.F. [s.n.] Indonesia K000698056 No
Dec 12, 1986 Maskuri [909] Indonesia K000672681 No
Dec 12, 1986 Buwalda, P. [4411] Indonesia K000672679 No
Nov 1, 1985 Powell, D.A. [326] Australia K000698058 No
Nov 22, 1984 Kornassi (Capt. Rutten) [926] Indonesia K000672675 No
Jan 1, 1923 Bünnemeijer, H.A.B. [10633] Indonesia K000698057 No
Smith, A.C. [6622] Fiji K001083265 Yes
Anonymous [s.n.] K000672686 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] K001114047 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1743] Burma K001114043 Unknown Type Material Yes
Trethowan, L.; Bramley, G.; Puglisi, C.; Mus; Jhon; Azim; Wira [1356] Indonesia K001569639 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] K001114052 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ramlanto [411] Indonesia K000672678 No
A.C.S.; J.W.P.; P.B.T.; D.K. [16862] Fiji K000184086 Yes
Smith, A.C. [314] Fiji K000184082 Yes
Vaughan, J.H. [3165] Fiji K001083242 Yes
Turbet, M.E. [6052] Fiji K000184084 Yes
S.COLL [2] Indonesia K004546575 Yes
Bryan Jr., E.H. [556] Fiji K000184088 Yes
Milne [[167]] Fiji K000184069 Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 1743] Burma K001114044 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] K001114048 Unknown Type Material Yes
Qoro, I. [13105] Fiji K000184083 Yes
Lye, K.A. [23403] Uganda K004547723 Yes
Vaughan, J.H. [3165] Fiji K000184063 Yes
Greenwood, W. [146] Fiji K001083264 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] India K001114050 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] Thailand K001114049 Unknown Type Material Yes
[Deplanche] [84] New Caledonia K000184067 Yes
Greenwood, W. [146] Fiji K000184066 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] K001114051 Unknown Type Material Yes
Damanu, E. [5] Fiji K000184062 Yes
Elbert, J. [4323] Indonesia K000698054 No
Robinson, C.B. [304] Indonesia K000698055 No
[Hind] [s.n.] Fiji K000184085 Yes
s.coll. [FD971] Fiji K001083266 Yes
Bola, I. [98] Fiji K000184064 Yes
Qoro, I.; Kuruvoli, I.T. [13592] Fiji K000184081 Yes
Gillespie, J.W. [4503] Fiji K000184087 Yes
Milne [122] Fiji K000184068 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] K001114045 Unknown Type Material Yes
Tothill, J.D.; Tothill, B.H. [660] Fiji K000184065 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 1743] K001114046 Unknown Type Material Yes
Anonymous [s.n.] Indonesia K000672684 No

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0