Zygophyllaceae
Zygophyllum

Zygophyllum simplex L.

First published in Mant. Pl.: 68 (1767)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Cape Verde, Sahara to Tanzania and NW. India, Angola to S. Africa. It is an annual or subshrub and grows primarily in the desert or dry shrubland biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gulf States, India, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara, Yemen

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
  • El Hadidi, M.N. (1972). Flora Iranica 98: 1-32. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Musselman, L.J. (2011). Checklist of Plants of Lebanon and Syria http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/lebsyria/Checklist%20of%20Lebanon%20Plants.pdf.
  • Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (eds.) (1970-1995). Flora of West Pakistan 1-131.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Tetraena simplex.]
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève. [Cited as Tetraena simplex.]

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Berhaut Fl. Sen. 76.
  • —F.T.A. 1: 285

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1994). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 1: 1-336. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (2000). Flora of Egypt 2: 1-352. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
  • Edwards, S., Tadesse, M., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (2000). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • El Hadidi, N. (1985). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Zygophyllaceae: 1-14.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A. & Osborne, J. (2015). Typification of Zygophyllum propinquum Decne. and Z. coccineum L. (Zygophyllaceae) and a key to Tetraena in SW Asia. Kew Bulletin 70(38): 1-9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 1-295.
  • Miller, A.G. & Morris, M. (2004). Ethnoflora of Soqotra Archipelago: 1-759. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
  • Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
  • Musselman, L.J. (2011). Checklist of Plants of Lebanon and Syria http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/lebsyria/Checklist%20of%20Lebanon%20Plants.pdf.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Quézel, P. (1958). Mission Botanique au Tibesti: 1-357. Université d'Alger.
  • Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) (1950). Flora Turkmenii 5: 1-271. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. (ed.) (1959). Flora Uzbekistana 4: 1-507. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • A. Schreiber in Mitt. Bot. Staats., München 5: 100-103 (1963)
  • A. Schreiber in Prod. Fl. SW.-Afr. 65: 18 (1966).
  • Excell & Mendonça in Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 256 (1951).
  • Hadidi in Webbia 33: 64, fig. 8 (1978).
  • L., Mant. Pl.: 68 (1767).
  • Oliv. in Flora of Tropical Africa 1: 285 (1868).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2016 Hooker, J.D. [179] Cabo Verde K001134618 Yes
Jul 20, 1981 Emden, H.L. [15] Cabo Verde K001134629 No
Mac Gillivray, J. [127] Cabo Verde K001134614 No
Giess, W. [7834] Namibia K005032492 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005032458 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [28072] South Africa K005032486 Yes
Pearson, H.H.W. [537] K005032473 Yes
[E.E. Bayanl] [1057] K005032479 Yes
Edwards, D. [04475] Namibia K005032500 Yes
Wilman, M. [4585] South Africa K005032464 Yes
Rodin, R.J. [2143] Namibia K005032461 Yes
Pearson, H.H.W. [6031] South Africa K005032465 Yes
Giess, W. [8703A] Namibia K005032487 Yes
[W. Kaobel] [s.n.] South Africa K005032482 Yes
Hafström, A.; Acocks, J.P.H. [1158] South Africa K005032463 Yes
Lowe, R.T. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134613 No
Pearson, H.H.W. [527] South Africa K005032469 Yes
Zeyh [280] South Africa K005032472 Yes
Cardoso, J. [77] Cabo Verde K001134627 No
Leistner; Oliver; Steenkamp; Vorster [262] Namibia K005032496 Yes
[E.G. Bayals] [1057] South Africa K005032467 Yes
Forbes, J.A.L.S. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134611 No
Comins, D.M. [619] South Africa K005032460 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K005032480 Yes
Kotschy [134] Sudan K000417058 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ward, C.J.; Ward, J.D.; Seely, M.K. [10447] Namibia K005032490 Yes
Burchell [1622] South Africa K005032471 Yes
Pearson, H.H.W. [3278] K005032489 Yes
Bolus, H. [1829] South Africa K005032459 Yes
Smith, P.A. [3098] Botswana K005032499 Yes
de Winter, B. [2980] Namibia K005032454 Yes
Acocks, J.P.H. [15607] Namibia K005032466 Yes
s.coll. [00090] Namibia K005032475 Yes
Milne [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134622 Yes
de Winter, B. [3168] Namibia K005032483 Yes
Seydel, R. (Dr) [276] Namibia K005032476 Yes
Oates, F. [s.n.] South Africa K004118429 Yes
Lankaster, C.H. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134626 No
Milne [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134615 No
McDonald [s.n.] K001134623 Yes
[Calpin Heuner] [7425] K005032474 Yes
Shantz, H.L. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134624 No
Story, R. [5827] Namibia K005032484 Yes
Schlieben [8883] South Africa K005032455 Yes
Giess, W. [8703] Namibia K005032493 Yes
[E.G. Beyant] [1074] South Africa K005032468 Yes
Edgeworth [1041] India K001134619 Yes
Drège [s.n.] South Africa K000417072 Unknown Type Material Yes
Lowe, R.T. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134612 No
Ash, J. [713] Ethiopia K:SPC-38458.000 No
Kubirske, R. [59] Namibia K005032491 Yes
Schlechter [11450] K005032488 Yes
Hardy, D.; de Winter, B. [1395] Namibia K005032495 Yes
Drege [s.n.] South Africa K005032470 Yes
Eights [65] Cabo Verde K001134628 No
Zeyher; Wallich [280] South Africa K000417073 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hooker, J.D. [s.n.] Cabo Verde K001134620 Yes
Oliver; Muller; Steenkamp [6627] Namibia K005032498 Yes
Pearson, H.H.W. [9238] K005032481 Yes
Ortendahl, I. [127] South Africa K005032462 Yes
Moffett, R.O. [1134] Namibia K005032502 Yes
de Winter, B. [2980] Namibia K005032497 Yes
de Winter, B.; Leistner, O.A. [5664] Namibia K005032457 Yes
Dinklage, M. [3178] Cabo Verde K001134625 No
Leistner; Oliver; Steenkamp; Vorster [119] Namibia K005032494 Yes
Vogel [120] Cabo Verde K001134616 Yes
Vogel [73] Cabo Verde K001134617 Yes
[Loeb], E.M. [X2] Namibia K000417045 Unknown Type Material Yes
Moseley [22] Cabo Verde K001134621 Yes
Seydel, R. [4338] Namibia K005032477 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Namibia K005032478 Yes
Young, R.G.N. [s.n.] Namibia K005032485 Yes
Schlieben [8966] South Africa K005032456 Yes
Awale, A.I. [HARG000470] Somalia Tetraena simplex K001560994 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images