Araceae
Xanthosoma

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott

First published in H.W.Schott & S.L.Endlicher, Melet. Bot.: 19 (1832)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Costa Rica to S. Tropical America. It is a tuberous subshrub and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a vegetable, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panamá, Peru, Venezuela

Introduced into:

Alabama, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Borneo, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Christmas I., Cook Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, DR Congo, Easter Is., Gabon, Galápagos, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Malaya, Marquesas, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Is., Puerto Rico, Society Is., Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Albano, P.-O. (2003). La Conaissance des Plantes Exotiques: 1-324. Édisud, Aix-en-Provence.
  • Ara, H. (2001). An Annotated Checklist of Aroids of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 8(2): 19-34.
  • Arias Granda, I. (1998). Flora de la República de Cuba, Ser. A., 1(1): 1-46.
  • Arruda Pontes, T., Moreira de Andrade, I. & Alves, M. (2010). Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Araceae. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 61: 689-794.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barger, T.W. & al. (2012). New and noteworthy records for the flora of Alabama. Castanea 77: 257-269.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Haigh, A. & Boyce, P.C. (2012). Flora Zambesiaca 12(1): 1-54. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Moreira de Andrade, I. & al. (2013). The Araceae in Ceará, Brazil: humid forest plants in semi-arid region. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 64: 445-477.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
  • National Research Council (US). Panel on Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value, & United States. Agency for International Development. Office of Science. (1975). Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value: Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Commission on International Relations (Vol. 16). National Academies.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Ara, H. (2001). An Annotated Checklist of Aroids of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 8(2): 19-34.
  • Arias Granda, I. (1998). Flora de la República de Cuba, Ser. A., 1(1): 1-46.
  • Arruda Pontes, T., Moreira de Andrade, I. & Alves, M. (2010). Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Araceae. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 61: 689-794.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barger, T.W. & al. (2012). New and noteworthy records for the flora of Alabama. Castanea 77: 257-269.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Haigh, A. & Boyce, P.C. (2012). Flora Zambesiaca 12(1): 1-54. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hallé, N. (1980). Les Orchidees de Tubuai (archipel des Australes, Sud Polynesie), suivies d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des iles Australes. Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 2(3): 69-130.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 2: 1-694. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jaramillo Díaz, P. & Guézou, A. (2017). CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galápagos http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/vascular-plants/.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lorence, D.H. & Wagner, W.L. (2019). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 1: 1-411. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Pérez-Farrera, M.Á., Martínez-Camilo, R., Martínez-Meléndez, N., Farrera-Sarmiento, O. & Maza-Villalobos, S. (2012). Listado florístico del Cerro Quetzal (Polígono III) de la reserva de la biosfera El Triunfo, Chiapas, México. Botanical Sciences 90: 113-142.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wilder, G. P. (1934). The flora of Makatea CNV. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 120: 1-49.
  • Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island. Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • R. O. Williams, Useful and Ornamental Plants in Zanzibar and Pemba p. 487 (1949).
  • Schott, Th. Dur. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 478 (1895).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Dempewolf, H., Eastwood, R. J., Guarino, L., Khoury, C. K., Müller, J. V. & Toll, J. (2014). Adapting agriculture to climate change: a global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38, 369-377.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • García Castro, N. J. (2011). Plantas nativas empleadas en alimentación en Colombia. Instituo de Investigaciones Biológicas Alexander von Humboldt. http://repository.humboldt.org.co/handle/20.500.11761/31275
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
  • Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821617 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [4265] Sri Lanka K002821614 Yes
Nicolson [4265] Sri Lanka K002821615 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821484 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1588] K002821582 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821584 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821485 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H 14433] K002821601 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821586 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K002821620 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821481 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821482 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821483 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821631 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1713] Thailand K002821609 Yes
Wild, H.; Goldsmith, B.; Muller, T. [6663] Zimbabwe K002821595 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1610] Thailand K002821611 Yes
Takamatsu, M. [600] K002821605 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821589 Yes
Powell, D.A.; Chey, H.; DuPuy, D.J. [699] Australia K002821607 Yes
Smith, H.H.; Smith, G.W. [1959] K002821602 Yes
Powell, D.A.; Chey, H.; DuPuy, D.J. [699] Australia K002821608 Yes
{Th. Cadet} [6036] Reunion K002821594 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821593 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821486 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Nigeria K002821619 Yes
Greenway [5949] K002821624 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821630 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821597 Yes
Ortiz, O.O.; Garibaldi, C.; Arosemena, M. [2853] Panama K002821479 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1588] K002821583 Yes
Harley, W.J. [2135] K002821622 Yes
Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F.A. [44] K002821618 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [1903] K002821596 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821626 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821585 Yes
Russell [6970] K002821628 Yes
Greenway, P.J. [5949] K002821623 Yes
Siedal [65471] Venezuela K002821629 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1536] Solomon Islands K002821613 Yes
Stergios, B.; Caracas, R. [18813] Venezuela K002821480 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1408] Papua New Guinea K002821581 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821591 Yes
Bunchuai, K.; Nimanong, B. [38126] Thailand K002821610 Yes
Giles; Woolliams [455-63] K002821627 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821598 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821588 Yes
Eden, M.J. [s.n.] Colombia K002821487 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821587 Yes
Powell, D.A.; Chey, H.; DuPuy, D.J. [699] Australia K002821606 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821599 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K002821592 Yes
Burchell [4721-3] Brazil K002821604 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [H 6129] Haiti K002821600 Yes
Ortiz, O.O.; Garibaldi, C.; Arosemena, M. [2853] Panama K002821478 Yes
s.coll. [131] Tanzania K002821625 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Dominica K002821590 Yes
K:SPC-29047.816 No
Smith, H.H.; Smith, G.W. [1959] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines K002821603 Yes
Nicolson, D.H. [1536] Solomon Islands K002821612 Yes
Harley, W.J. [2135] K002821621 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guatemala Xanthosoma roseum K002821323 Yes
Smith, J.D.; Heyde; Lux; Lux [s.n.] Guatemala Xanthosoma roseum K002821321 Yes
[H] [16047] Mexico Xanthosoma roseum K002821324 Yes
Heyde; Lux [4653] Guatemala Xanthosoma roseum K002821322 Yes
Smith, J.D. [s.n.] Guatemala Xanthosoma roseum K002821320 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens K002821530 Yes
[Dceter] [s.n.] Jamaica Xanthosoma atrovirens K002821330 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens K002821529 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens K002821528 Yes
Xanthosoma atrovirens K:SPC-66426.000 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens K002821527 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens K002821526 Yes
Christophersen, E.; Handy, E.S. [3726] Xanthosoma sagittifolium K002821616 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guyana Xanthosoma mafaffa K002821390 Yes
Engler, A. [252] Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum K002821532 Yes
[W. Medely] [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum K002821531 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum K002821533 Yes
Granville [5531] French Guiana Xanthosoma jacquinii K002821389 Yes
Granville [5531] French Guiana Xanthosoma jacquinii K002821388 Yes
Giles [s.n.] Xanthosoma violaceum K:SPC-29047.743 No
Sintenis, P. [1587] Puerto Rico Xanthosoma violaceum K002821362 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821642 Yes
Bakh; Brink [6299] Indonesia Xanthosoma violaceum K002821638 Yes
Jenman [5755] Guyana Xanthosoma violaceum K002821420 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821641 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821643 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821637 Yes
Kvortzov, B.V.S. Brazil Xanthosoma violaceum K:SPC-29047.189 No
Jenman [5755] Guyana Xanthosoma violaceum K002821422 Yes
Engler, A. [245] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821636 Yes
Jenman [5755] Guyana Xanthosoma violaceum K002821421 Yes
Giles, C.; Woolliams [PB271] Malaysia Xanthosoma violaceum K:SPC-29047.348 No
s.coll. [s.n.] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821634 Yes
Engler, A. [245] Xanthosoma violaceum K002821635 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • CATE Araceae

    • Haigh, A., Clark, B., Reynolds, L., Mayo, S.J., Croat, T.B., Lay, L., Boyce, P.C., Mora, M., Bogner, J., Sellaro, M., Wong, S.Y., Kostelac, C., Grayum, M.H., Keating, R.C., Ruckert, G., Naylor, M.F. and Hay, A., CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • EBC Common Names

    • Common Names from Kew's Economic Botany Collection https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/economic-botany-collection

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Kew's Living Collection Database

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/