Poaceae
Echinochloa
Echinochloa crus-galli

Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. utilis (Ohwi & Yabuno) T.Koyama

First published in Grass. Japan: 503 (1987)
This subspecies is accepted
The native range of this subspecies is a cultigen from Central China. It is an annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

Distribution

Native to:

China South-Central

Introduced into:

Austria, California, Czechoslovakia, Fiji, Florida, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hawaii, Japan, Kermadec Is., Khabarovsk, Korea, Kuril Is., Missouri, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Primorye, Sakhalin, South European Russia, Tasmania, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, Vietnam, West Siberia, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Echinochloa esculenta.]

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2022). http://www.geobotanica.ru/bp/2022_11_01/BP_2022_11_1_verkhozina.pdf. epublication.
  • Berry, M. (2023). Adventives & Aliens news 30. BSBI News 154: 31-41.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Engelmaier, P. & Wilhalm, T. (2018). Alien grasses (Poaceae) in the flora of the Eastern Alps. Neilreichia 9: 177-245.
  • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 1: 1-864. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
  • Hộ, P.-H. (2000). Câycỏ Việtnam. An Illustrated flora of Vietnam, ed. 2, 3: 1-1020. Pham-hoang Ho, Montréal.
  • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542. New York Botanical Garden.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
{Miss Ricketts} [s.n.] Echinochloa esculenta K002828957 Yes
Waterfall, C. [1728] Echinochloa esculenta K002828963 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China Echinochloa esculenta K002829495 Yes
Furuse, M. [42473] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829486 Yes
Komarov, V. [s.n.] Echinochloa esculenta K002829333 Yes
Bohnhof, M.H. [263] Echinochloa esculenta K002829332 Yes
[V. Rickette] [s.n.] Echinochloa esculenta K002828956 Yes
Harrison, B.D. [s.n.] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828967 Yes
[DNC] [17] Echinochloa esculenta K002828962 Yes
Sandwith, N.Y. [3957] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828968 Yes
Copping, A. [s.n.] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828965 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829492 Yes
Honda, M. [589] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829484 Yes
Jones, T. [P] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828966 Yes
Furuse, M. [40510] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829485 Yes
Long, J.W. [H1224] Echinochloa esculenta K002828959 Yes
Licent, E. (Abbe) [6354] China Echinochloa esculenta K002829497 Yes
Furuse, M. [39214] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829491 Yes
Lousley, J.E. [s.n.] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828971 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [4045] Echinochloa esculenta K002828961 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829490 Yes
Watts, G.D. [[D]] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828964 Yes
Furuse, M. [41308] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829488 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829489 Yes
Whony, J. [s.n.] Echinochloa esculenta K002828960 Yes
Dony, J.G.; Dony, C.M. [4596] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828969 Yes
Shepard, B. [s.n.] Echinochloa esculenta K002828958 Yes
Furuse, M. [40603] Japan Echinochloa esculenta K002829487 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] China Echinochloa esculenta K002829496 Yes
Melville, R. [s.n.] United Kingdom Echinochloa esculenta K002828970 Yes
Aug 11, 1982 Saito, Y. [9012] Brazil Echinochloa utilis K001075937 Yes
Aug 11, 1982 Clayton, W.D. [4830] Brazil Echinochloa utilis K001075939 Yes
Jan 19, 1973 Maire, E.E. [2930] China Echinochloa utilis K001082327 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Soderstrom, T.R. [5840] Brazil Echinochloa utilis K001075938 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608106 Yes
Steele, J. [53688] Zimbabwe Echinochloa utilis K003355941 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Echinochloa utilis K003609724 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Korea, South Echinochloa utilis K002829493 Yes
Grant, D.K.S. [9] Echinochloa utilis K003609723 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608107 Yes
Hubbard, C.E. [2141] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608100 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608103 Yes
Davies, W. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608104 Yes
Clydesdale, C.S. [4] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608101 Yes
Simon, B.K. [4066] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608099 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608102 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Korea, South Echinochloa utilis K002829494 Yes
Symon, D.E. [382] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608109 Yes
s.coll. [28] Belgium Echinochloa utilis K002828972 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608105 Yes
van Someren, V.G.L. [AH9596] Echinochloa utilis K003609722 Yes
Beauglehole, A.C. [s.n.] Australia Echinochloa utilis K003608108 Yes

Sources

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2025. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0