Arecaceae
Areca

Areca catechu L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 1189 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Philippines. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as a poison, a medicine and invertebrate food and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Philippines

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China South-Central, Comoros, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Fiji, Guinea, Hainan, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Jawa, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Puerto Rico, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad-Tobago, Vanuatu, Vietnam

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Anh, T.T.P. & Henderson, A. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 13: 1-414. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.
  • Baker, W.J., Barfod, A.S., Cámara-Leret, R., Dowe, J.L., Heatubun, C.D., Petoe, P., Turner, J.H., Zona, S. & Dransfield, J. (2024). Palms of New Guinea: 1-726. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
  • Heatubun, C.D., Dransfield, J., Flynn, T., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S., Mogea, J.P. & Baker, W.J. (2012). A monograph of the betel nut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 147-173.
  • Henderson, A. (2009). Palms of Southern Asia: 1-197. Princeton university press, Princeton and Oxford.
  • Meyer, J.-Y., Lavergne, C. & Hodel, D.R. (2008). Time bombs in gardens: invasive ornamental palms in tropical islands, with emphasis on French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms; Journal of the International Palm Society 52: 23-35.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Powling, A. (2009). The palms of Buton, Indonesia, an island in Wallacea. Palms; Journal of the International Palm Society 53: 84-01.
  • Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.
  • Watling, D. (2005). Palms of the Fiji Islands: 1-191. Environmental Consultants (Fiji) Ltd., Suva.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Anh, T.T.P. & Henderson, A. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 13: 1-414. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Heatubun, C.D., Dransfield, J., Flynn, T., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S., Mogea, J.P. & Baker, W.J. (2012). A monograph of the betel nut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 147-173.
  • Meyer, J.-Y., Lavergne, C. & Hodel, D.R. (2008). Time bombs in gardens: invasive ornamental palms in tropical islands, with emphasis on French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms; Journal of the International Palm Society 52: 23-35.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Powling, A. (2009). The palms of Buton, Indonesia, an island in Wallacea. Palms; Journal of the International Palm Society 53: 84-01.
  • Stutz, L.-C. (1982). Herborisation 1981 aux îles Maldives. Candollea 37: 599-631.
  • Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.
  • Watling, D. (2005). Palms of the Fiji Islands: 1-191. Environmental Consultants (Fiji) Ltd., Suva.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • C.H. Wright in Flora of Tropical Africa 8: 99 (1901).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 397 (1949).
  • L., Sp. Pl.: 1189 (1753).
  • R. O. Williams, Useful and Ornamental Plants in Zanzibar and Pemba p. 130 (1949).
  • Warb. in Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete, Theile C: 131 (1895).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Nov 11, 2008 Fernando, E. [EF665] Philippines K001196735 No
Nov 11, 2008 Giking [16] Malaysia K001196419 No
Nov 11, 2008 Merrill E.D. [213] Philippines K001196825 No
Nov 11, 2008 Beccari, O. [31112] Malaysia K001196418 No
Nov 11, 2008 Kajewski, S.F. [553] Vanuatu K000030157 No
Nov 11, 2008 Sambuling [76] Malaysia K001099428 No
Nov 11, 2008 Duaneh [255] Malaysia K001099426 No
Nov 11, 2008 Ramos, M. [80360] Philippines K001195637 No
Nov 11, 2008 Ramos, M. [80360] Philippines K001195638 No
Nov 11, 2008 Burley, J.S.; Turkirin et al [4215] Indonesia K001099424 No
Nov 11, 2008 Othman; Munting [S61606] Malaysia K001196437 No
Nov 11, 2008 Sibil [152] Malaysia K001196421 No
Nov 11, 2008 Borden, T.E. [1272] Philippines K001195871 No
Nov 11, 2008 Borden, T.E. [1272] Philippines K001195635 No
Nov 11, 2008 Aleuadnei [A2189] Malaysia K001196420 No
Nov 11, 2008 Lugas [442] Malaysia K001196436 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [5743] Indonesia K001196411 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [5743] Indonesia K001196410 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [5743] Indonesia K001196412 No
Nov 11, 2008 Bakia [416] Malaysia K001196435 No
Nov 11, 2008 Groff, G.W. [134] Thailand K001195295 No
Nov 11, 2008 Williams, R.S. [330] Philippines K001195639 No
Nov 11, 2008 Williams, R.S. [330] Philippines K001195640 No
Nov 11, 2008 Kajewski, S.F. [553] Vanuatu K000208885 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [7653] Indonesia K001196417 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [7653] Indonesia K001196416 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [7653] Indonesia K001196413 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [7653] Indonesia K001196414 No
Nov 11, 2008 Rahmat Si Boeea [7653] Indonesia K001196415 No
Nov 11, 2008 Whitmore, T.; Whitmore, T.J.; Sidiyasa, K. [TCW3580] Indonesia K001099427 No
Nov 11, 2008 Fernando, E. [EF546] Philippines K001196736 No
Nov 11, 2008 Cuadra [A2312] Malaysia K001099431 No
Nov 11, 2008 New Collector [350] Indonesia K001099422 No
Nov 11, 2008 Aban; Mansus [SAN69388] Malaysia K001196438 No
Nov 11, 2008 Sambuling [8] Malaysia K001195293 No
Nov 11, 2008 Elmer, A.D.E. [7795] Philippines K001195636 No
Nov 11, 2008 Bartlett [16226] K001195645 No
Nov 11, 2008 Bartlett [16226] K001195643 No
Nov 11, 2008 Bartlett [16226] K001195641 No
Nov 11, 2008 Bartlett [16226] K001195642 No
Nov 11, 2008 Bartlett [16226] K001195644 No
Nov 11, 2008 Reynoso; Sagcal;Garcia [PPI7363] Philippines K001195646 No
Nov 11, 2008 Coode [6074] Indonesia K001195292 No
Nov 11, 2008 Cuadra [A254] Malaysia K001099430 No
Nov 11, 2008 Soibeh [778] Malaysia K001195294 No
Nov 11, 2008 Lai, S.T. [S68676] Malaysia K001099429 No
Nov 11, 2008 Lee, B.; Meng Hook [S55696] Malaysia K001099423 No
Nov 11, 2008 Aleuadnei [A2202] Malaysia K001196422 No
May 21, 1980 de Vogel, E. [3266] Indonesia K000525785 No
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8597] K001125935 Unknown Type Material Yes
Noblick, L.; Joko Witono; Enday Sudarso [5180] Indonesia K000525791 No
Leon, C.J., Zhang,B., Lin, Y-L., Davis, A.P.; Shaw, D [TCMK 0021] China K001926678 No
Clemens, J. [21501] K001099425 No
Heatubun, C.; Krisma Lekitoo, Piter Matani, Ida Tangkelangi, Victor Simbiak, Lauliddin H.S, Arief Abdulgani, Salasa Juraga [CH752] Indonesia K000667962 No
Heatubun, C.; Krisma Lekitoo, Piter Matani, Ida Tangkelangi, Victor Simbiak, Lauliddin H.S, Arief Abdulgani, Salasa Juraga [CH751] Indonesia K000667960 No
Thailand K:SPC-66353.000 No
Malaysia K:SPC-80154.000 No
Thailand K:SPC-66345.000 No
Heatubun, C. [CH754] Indonesia K000667961 No
Heatubun, C.; Lukas Manua; Ari Apolos May. [CH870] Indonesia K000526329 No
Groff, G.W. [136] Thailand K001195880 No
Thailand K:SPC-66350.000 No
Thailand K:SPC-66346.000 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [9514] Thailand K001195296 No
Kandau Jenang [S62487] Malaysia K000667288 No
Solomon Islands K:SPC-66383.000 No
Waterhouse, J.H.L. [Y130] Solomon Islands K001195878 No
Thailand K:SPC-66344.000 No
Malaysia K:SPC-66730.000 No
Jamaica K:SPC-66347.000 No
Merrill, E.D. [9447] Philippines Areca catechu var. silvatica K000207971 Isotype Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Palms of New Guinea

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Palmweb - Palms of the World Online

    • Palmweb 2011. Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. Published on the internet http://www.palmweb.org. Accessed on 21/04/2013
    • Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0